Immunity System Of Judges In The United States ——From Theoretical Debate To Institutional Arrangement

As an important part of judges’ job security,judges’ immunity is the bottom line for maintaining judicial independence and achieving judicial impartiality in the United States.But the United States does not have a constitutional or constitutional amendment expressly stating the existence of judge immunity.In fact,this system was gradually formed and established through relevant jurisprudence.Therefore,the system of immunity for judges in the United States inevitably appears to be somewhat"scattered" and "disorganized".Therefore,in order to thoroughly study the U.S.judge immunity system,the author firstly identifies the concept of the U.S.judge immunity system and briefly outlines the theoretical foundation and development history of the system;then,starting from a microscopic perspective,the author deconstructs the U.S.judge immunity system into three parts,namely,civil liability immunity,criminal liability immunity and disciplinary liability immunity,in Chapters 3,4 and 5,by sorting out the theoretical foundation and development history of the U.S.judge immunity system.Finally,the author completes a systematic analysis of the immunity system of judges in the United States by distilling and summarizing the core principles and revealing the dynamic and static relationships among these principles.The author hopes that this paper can provide some useful overseas experience for other scholars who are studying the issue of "how to construct the immunity system of Chinese judges.