Research On The View Of Nature In The Manuscript Of Economics And Philosophy In 1844

The relationship between man and nature is the essence of the view of nature.Modern western thinkers only understand the view of nature from the perspective of epistemology,and believe that man and nature are the external relationship between each other.Nature is the free nature on the other side.They study nature based on nature,ignoring the relationship and interaction between man and nature,resulting in the contradiction between nature and history,theory and reality.In the manuscript of economics and philosophy in 1844（hereinafter referred to as the manuscript）,on the basis of understanding human activities as objective activities,Marx believed that nature is a nature related to human practical activities rather than a free nature,and realized the practical turn of the view of nature with the help of Feuerbach’s objective principle and Hegel’s dialectics.In Marx’s view,man and nature are an inseparable unity.They are different from and dependent on each other.Man and nature generate each other.Man is a part of nature and nature is man’s inorganic body.Therefore,Marx understands nature as "humanized nature".He believes that humanized nature is "realistic nature".Humanized nature only changes the form of nature,and the objectivity of nature has not changed."Humanized nature" not only adheres to the objectivity of nature,but also highlights human subjectivity.The generation from nature to man is the inevitable trend of natural development,and the liberation of nature is the destination and purpose of humanized nature.Developing and discarding the alienation of nature and realizing the liberation of nature are the theme of Marx’s view of nature.In terms of the relationship between man and nature,Marx believed that man and nature were initially simple and direct unity.However,the emergence of capitalist private ownership led to the alienation of man and nature.On the one hand,nature has become a means and tool to exploit and oppress man and an external force hostile and antagonistic to man;On the other hand,people’s feelings are alienated into non-human feelings.People examine nature with utility and practicability.Human beings are dominated by instinct and satisfied with low-level material desires.People get pleasure in conquering nature,and nature becomes a tool to meet human material desires.The realization of communism is the realistic way to realize the liberation and reconciliation between man and nature,because,in Communist society,on the one hand,society jointly occupies nature and eliminates the institutional root of exploiting nature.Nature has truly become man’s inorganic body,and the nature,laws and attributes of nature have been internalized into man’s power,and man has been liberated from nature;On the other hand,man has fully occupied man’s feeling,value rationality has replaced instrumental rationality,and spiritual enjoyment has become the confirmation of man’s essential strength.Man no longer measures nature by usefulness.At the same time,in Communist society,man reflects his value by benefiting nature,nature becomes the purpose of human labor,and nature can get rid of the fate of instrumentalization and slavery.Ecological crisis is a major challenge facing the world.How to achieve harmony between man and nature has become a major issue for all mankind.Since Marx’s view of nature has rich and profound ecological thinking,it has a more ecological vision than ecocentalism,ending the previous abstract discussion of the relationship between man and nature,and realizing the specific unity of the relationship between man and nature on the basis of practice.Therefore,Marx’s view of nature in the Manuscript has become an important theoretical source of ecological Marxism and Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization,providing theoretical guidance for the construction of ecological civilization.Marx’s view of nature is not an ecological Utopia,but a realistic and concrete one.It provides us with practical ideological methods to solve the ecological crisis and has important guiding significance for solving the global ecological crisis.It is embodied in: first,it is conducive to promoting the construction of a community of human and natural life;second,it is conducive to promoting people’s protection and development of natural productivity;third,it is to promote the mode of production beyond the logic of capital and promote the transformation of green development.