Causes And Treatment Of Corruption Among Senior Executives Of State-owned Enterprises ——Based On The Open Case Of CCDI

According to a survey by the American Association of Certified Fraud Examiners（ACFE）,the loss of business due to fraud is about 5% of operating income;and the loss caused by senior management is more than 10 times that of the average employee.For example,according to "National Supervision",Xiaomin Lai,the former secretary of the party committee and chairman of Huarong Group,took bribes of 1.788 billion yuan,and the corruption lasted for more than 10 years.Because the targets of anti-corruption are gradually expanded from government officials to executives of state-owned enterprises,and it is difficult to collect corruption cases,the proportion of corruption literature of state-owned enterprise executives in corruption literature is relatively low.This paper mainly studies the reasons for the corruption of senior executives of state-owned enterprises and then provide governance suggestions based on the rusults from three aspects:First,all corruption cases of senior executives of state-owned enterprises published between 2013 and 2020 were collected by reading the official website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.The public cases were retrieved and supplemented one by one,and a relatively detailed spreadsheet was manual y built.After excluding invalid samples,a total of 293 corruption cases of state-owned enterprise executives were obtained.According to statistics,corrupt executives of state-owned enterprises have main body and job characteristics.In this paper,the demographic characteristics of the executives of corrupt state-owned enterprises are cal ed as main characteristics,and the characteristics related to position are collectively cal ed as job characteristics.In terms of individual characteristics,there are "59-year-old phenomenon",male-dominated,"top leaders" in the majority,and higher education.In terms of common characteristics,there are long tenures,strong political connections,more collusion and corruption,bribery crimes,and many monopoly industries.Second,the phenomenon and causes of corruption in the employment,use of money,and materials of state-owned enterprise executives were analyzed through typical cases.First of al,the fraud triangle theory was used to analyze the individual reasons for the corruption of state-owned enterprise executives,mainly including the subjective "pressure" of state-owned enterprise executives for material greed,the external "opportunity" brought about by the failure of internal and external supervision,and the search for "excuses" for corruption hint.Secondly,from the two aspects of "incentive" and "restriction",the reasons for the collusion of state-owned enterprise executives’ corruption were analyzed.The reasons are multifaceted,including the failure of compensation incentives,political incentives,internal and external supervision of stateowned enterprise executives.Third,Put forward suggestions on governance and prevention of executive corruption in state-owned enterprises from three aspects: external supervision,internal control and individual executives.In terms of external supervision,market-based selection and tenure systems should be implemented,remuneration incentives and political incentives should be enhanced,and an early warning and risk control mechanism has been established.In terms of internal control,the corruption of senior executives of state-owned enterprises could be reduced by establishing and improveing the internal control system,increasing the cost of corruption risks,establishing a digital centralized procurement platform,using technology to empower corruption governance and so on.In addition,the executives of state-owned enterprises should also strengthen their integrity and self-cultivation,and consciously resist corruption and guard against degeneration.The corruption cases of state-owned enterprise executives collected manual y in this paper have more representative and good timeliness.The reason analysis and governance suggestions can enrich the research on the corruption of state-owned enterprise executives,which has a certain practical significance.The governance suggestions of external supervision can provide certain reference for the SASAC,the Disciplinary Committee and other regulatory departments,and the governance suggestions of internal control can provide reference for the governance of state-owned enterprises.