A Study On The Thought Of Poverty In "economic And Philosophic Manuscripts Of 1844"

The elimination of poverty and the achievement of common prosperity is one of the important theoretical intentions of Marxism.The problem of poverty was the concern and focus of Marx’s study of social history and the social problems of his time.Marx examined and analyzed the poverty of the working class in the early capitalist environment,and this idea still has important guiding significance for today’s socialist market economy in China in tracing the causes of the poverty problem and its effective management.Since China entered the new era,although significant results have been achieved in the fight against poverty,it is still necessary to continue to carry out the work of managing relative poverty in the "post-poverty era"."Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844"（hereinafter referred to as "the Manuscripts"）is an early work of Marx,which contains Marx’s early thoughts on poverty.This paper examines the poverty ideas in the Manuscript in two dimensions: in the horizontal dimension,based on the main contents of the Manuscript,it analyzes the logical thinking of Marx’s poverty ideas;in the vertical dimension,it composes Marx’s early poverty ideas in a chronological order,and analyzes the historical status and subsequent influence of the poverty ideas in the Manuscript.The Manuscripts embody Marx’s concern for the problem of poverty and reveal the causes of poverty,and the essence of the ideas in them has significant theoretical and practical significance.Focusing on this subject area,the thesis is discussed in the following five parts.In the first part,the background and significance of the thesis and the current status of the research are introduced.In the second part,the formation of Marx’s idea of poverty in the Manuscripts is traced from three aspects.The idea of poverty in the Manuscripts is not without a source.The thesis traces the origin of the formation of the idea from the background of the times when German society was divided between the rich and the poor,the relationship between Marx’s early ideas and classical philosophy,classical political economy,and ideal socialism,and the concern and research on poverty before the Manuscripts.In the third part,the content and logic of Marx’s thoughts on poverty in the Manuscripts are explained and sorted out.First,Marx takes the critique of national economics as the starting point and exposes the bourgeoisie’s concealment of proletarian poverty;second,Marx reveals the essence and characteristics of wages,the capitalists’ employment of workers with meager wages,which deprives workers of their right to free labor,and wages can barely sustain workers’ survival;third,Marx proposes that alienated labor is the most important aspect of the proletariat.Marx proposed that alienated labor was the direct cause of the proletariat’s poverty.Workers could not control their own labor and the fruits of their labor,let alone the quantity and acquisition of their own labor rewards,and the bourgeoisie thus formed the labor exploitation and mental oppression of workers;finally,private ownership was the institutional root of the proletariat’s poverty,which contributed to the alienation of labor and thus caused the division of society between the rich and the poor.In the fourth part,the theoretical significance of the idea of poverty in the Manuscript is elaborated from two aspects.On the one hand,the ideology of poverty in the Manuscript has a pivotal role in Marxist theory,and the idea of poverty in the Manuscript has contributed to the formation of Marx’s materialistic view of history and the doctrine of surplus value;on the other hand,the idea of poverty in the Manuscript is a valuable ideological resource for future generations,and it has theoretical support for China’s anti-poverty practice,which is also the origin of the relevant ideas of Western Marxists.In the fifth part,the practical guidance significance of the poverty ideas in the Manuscript for contemporary China is elaborated.In order to consolidate the achievements of poverty eradication and improve the governance of poverty in China,it is necessary to respect and give full play to the main position and role of workers in production on the basis of adhering to and improving the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics,while building a fair social environment and promoting people’s wealth growth and comprehensive spiritual development with the concept of genuine sharing.