Study On The Impact Of Social Welfare Expenditure On Export Technology Complexity

Along with the continuously go deep into global value chain in the world,all countries keep in promoting value chain position,constantly promote exports to promote high-tech areas,but our country’s export product technology content is low and lack of competitiveness in the international trade,which needs to upgrade of industrial structure in the domestic continuous,promote enterprise innovation,and improve our export unfavorable situation finally.In order to promote enterprise innovation and the formation of an innovative society,higher requirements are put forward for the overall quality level of "human"."Human",as the condenser of value,are increasingly becoming the leading element of value creation.In recent years,with the development of economy and culture,China has improved and improved its social welfare,which has improved the overall quality of its citizens.However,there are still many differences between China and developed countries in terms of scale and structure.With the emergence of more aging population worldwide,the idea of establishing a "welfare state" is also facing challenges.It is of great practical significance to study whether high-level welfare policies and inputs can effectively promote technological innovation and economic growth in China’s current social welfare development.This paper explores and analyzes the relationship between social welfare expenditure and export technology complexity from two aspects: influence mechanism and empirical test.Firstly,this paper briefly introduces the research background and significance of social welfare expenditure,and sorts out relevant literature.Secondly,it analyzes and compares the current situation and expenditure of social welfare policies at home and abroad,and analyzes the influencing mechanism.Thirdly,this paper selected the matched data of 51 countries from 2000 to 2019 by using the Databases of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund etc,adopted the dual fixed effect model to conduct benchmark regression on the data,tested the theoretical hypothesis with the intermediary effect model,and strengthened the understanding of the influencing mechanism through heterogeneity analysis.Endogeneity was eliminated by instrumental variable method to prove the robustness of the conclusion.The empirical results show that :（1）there is a non-linear "U" relationship between the level of social welfare expenditure and the complexity of export technology.Foreign direct investment,infrastructure and other control variables also influence it;（2）The mediation effect of social welfare expenditure to the complexity of export technology,which mainly through innovation and tax burden increase.At the beginning of the social welfare expenditure increase,rising cost of corporate tax effect could inhibit exports technology complexity,but after turning point,innovation effect will be the dominant,and promote the technology complexity of a country or region’s export in the long run;（3）In the heterogeneity test,the influence of different social welfare expenditure to export technology complexity is also different,and social protection expenditure has significant negative effect on export technology complexity.Besides,in the sub-sample,countries with a higher degree of aging population have a slightly worse positive impact on innovation effect,while countries with a lower degree of aging population also face greater adverse impact at the initial stage of social welfare improvement.Finally,this paper puts forward several policy suggestions :（1）promote the improvement of social welfare policy,improve the level of social welfare expenditure in China;（2）Attach importance to the cultivation of human capital,so that more factors of innovation emerge;（3）Promote tax reduction and exemption for enterprises,improve fiscal subsidy policies,and reduce investment and financing costs of enterprises;（4）Optimize the structure of social welfare expenditure,and give more preference to education expenditure and health expenditure;（5）Pay attention to the influence of foreign direct investment and other variables on export technology complexity,improve the level of population quality;（6）Enterprises should employ more high-level and high-quality talents and integrate the concept of innovative development into their production.