| At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,Mexico’s economy undergone an important transformation,but at the expense of the interests of farmers,unemployed rural populations flocked to the cities to find employment opportunities,and urban wages were also reduced due to the continuous increase in population.At the same time,the US economy developed rapidly.The development of industries such as mining,animal husbandry,agriculture,and railways created a demand for cheap labor.Under this circumstance,some Mexicans chose to go to the United States to find employment opportunities,which formed the first climax of Mexicans emigrating to the United States.The economic crisis broke out in the United States in October 1929,the unemployment rate remained high,and the demand for social relief was increasing day by day.Under such circumstances,the American public pointed the finger at the Mexicans,condemning them for robbing them of jobs that should belong to white people,and relying on welfare to live,which increased the burden of welfare.In order to appease domestic anti-Mexican sentiment and ease the pressure of unemployment and welfare relief,one of the measures taken by the United States was to find ways to expel Mexicans in the country.In 1931,the US Federal Immigration Service launched an operation to expel illegal immigrants,but soon listed the Mexican ethnicity as a key expulsion target.However,due to the high cost of deportation,the repatriation plan was regarded by US officials as the most effective and cheapest way to reduce Mexicans.The target of the campaign was not only Mexicans,but also Mexican Americans,many of whom were second and third generation American citizens.Since then,the federal deportation operation coordinated with the repatriation movement to speed up the process of Mexican ethnic departure.Departures included those who were arrested and deported forcibly,as well as those who were repatriated to Mexico with the assistance of U.S.welfare workers and the Mexican consulates.At the same time,many Mexicans returned automatically because of poverty,discrimination,and hostility in the United States Mexican.So far,the wave of Mexico’s migration to the United States fallen into a trough.The mexican repatriation movement was a measure taken by the United States in response to the economic crisis,but during its implementation,the goal was extended to the entire Mexican ethnicity.Mexican American citizens who had lived in the United States legally for many years were forced to leave the country,reflecting the racism of the movement.From the results,the repatriation movement did not effectively solve the unemployment problem in the United States,but it had an indelible impact on the repatriates themselves and their families.On the one hand,the disillusionment of the American dream,the split of the family,and the difficulty of re-entry stung their feelings.On the other hand,the cruel reality of Mexican society has forced it to face a series of adjustments. |
