On Montesquieu Moderate Political Thought

Montesquieu was a famous French enlightenment thinker in the 18 th century and has an important position in the history of Western political thought.His thoughts are concentrated in three novels,"Persian Letters","Cause of Rise and Fall of Rome",and "On the Spirit of Law".Among them,"On the Spirit of the Law" is the most important theoretical achievement,and it is a systematic summary of his lifetime research.Moderate political thought is an important part of Montesquieu political thought,from "le governementdoux" and "la douceur du gouvernement" in "Persian Letters" to "Le gouvernement modéré" in "Spirit of Law"."Moderation" refers to the relationship between the ruler and the governed."Moderation" has two meanings.Firstly,"Moderation" means the government’s careful and restrained use of political power to make citizens feel safe and effectively enjoy security in the process of government governance.Secondly,it means the compromise between the ruler and the ruled."Moderation" has always existed in Montesquieu political theory,and represents his basic stand against “autocracy”."Political liberty " exists only in moderate states.According to Montesquieu,"Moderation" is a necessary prerequisite for "Political liberty ".His research is on to find the reason for this moderation and in order to import it.This article mainly refers to Montesquieu three novels,"Persian Letters","Cause of Rise and Fall of Rome",and "On the Spirit of Law",and large numbers of related studies by scholars at China and abroad.Trying to show the true meaning of Montesquieu Moderation thought.The article is divided into four main chapters.The first chapter discusses the basis of“Moderation”from three aspects: history,society and individual.Montesquieu attaches great importance to historical research,so the first part of this chapter mainly introduces the historical basis of moderate political thought,including his investigation of the ancient Greek,Roman,and early Germanic monarch kingdom.The second part introduces the realistic conditions that led to the emergence of Moderate political ideas in the era of Montesquieu.The third part introduces the personal factors that influence the formation of Moderate political ideas.It’s about the influence of family,career,education and travel experience on Montesquieu.The forth part introduce the formation and evolution.The second chapter introduces the connotation of moderate political idea.Mainly by sorting out the nature and principles of republics and monarchies.the research of the traditional government form is on to find the reason for this moderation in order to import it.The concept “restriction of power” in republics and monarchies is the main connotation of Moderate political idea.The third chapter mainly introduces the best political system for a moderate state in Montesquieu political thought.It mainly includes the basic principles of separation of powers,check and balance,the Representative government,and an independent judiciary.The fourth chapter trying to introduce the effect of the Moderate political idea.It has great significance to the bourgeois revolution and the establishment of the bourgeois republic system.This article tries to reveal the true meaning of Montesquieu Moderation thought through the above four aspects.