| The homestead is the material basis and guarantee for farmers’ survival and development.As the basic link of the operation of the homestead system,the different design of the homestead supply system directly determines the significant difference in homestead function and value.The current homestead supply system has the characteristics of specific supply target,free supply mode,limited supply quantity and area,single supply purpose and so on.This institutional arrangement has played a decisive role in safeguarding farmers’ housing rights and maintaining social stability.However,with the in-depth development of China’s market economy,the operating environment of the homestead supply system has undergone significant changes.In practice,a large number of “extra-legal” possession and use of homesteads have appeared,which has caused huge impact on the current homestead supply system Shock.From the perspective of social development trends,the current system has at least three limitations: First,the free payment method damages the principle of efficiency and fairness;Second,the specific supply target hinders the construction of new rural communities;Third,the administrative approval supply hinders the homestead property The realization of value.On February 27,2015,the thirteenth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress decided to authorize the State Council to temporarily adjust the implementation of the "People’s Republic of China" in the 33 pilot counties(cities,districts)and other administrative regions in Daxing District,Beijing.The Land Management Law and the Urban Real Estate Management Law of the People ’s Republic of China have relevant provisions on rural land expropriation,collective business construction land entering the market,and homestead management systems.Since then,the pilot areas have actively carried out reform and exploration of the homestead system,and have gained many experiences and practices with local characteristics.Judging from the pilot situations in the three typical districts of Lu County,Sichuan,Yujiang,Jiangxi,and Yiwu,Zhejiang,the common feature is that the reform measures adopted have all chosen a market orientation.Among them,LuCounty,Sichuan has piloted a homestead supply system that is located in different locations and gathered in central villages,Yujiang,Jiangxi,has piloted a bidding supply system for homesteads,and Yiwu,Zhejiang has explored an auction system for homestead supply.Although these specific reform measures have different forms of response to practical problems,measures such as paid use of homesteads,guiding villagers to live concentratedly,and breaking through restrictions on the use of homesteads have not been able to fundamentally get rid of the shackles of the current system.Therefore,exploring the establishment of a market-based supply system for homesteads should be the meaning of homestead system reform.From the basis of constructing the market-based supply system for homesteads,land property rights theory,land development rights theory,and land resource theory provide a theoretical explanation for the market-based supply of homesteads;Both the design and the "Land Management Law" amended in 2019 provide normative guidance for the market-based supply of homesteads.At the same time,from the perspective of practical basis,the construction of new rural communities has created the main body of demand for the market supply of homesteads.The long-term goal of ecological environmental protection determines that the marketized supply of homesteads is the better choice.The market-based supply of bases has created possibilities.The establishment of a marketable supply system for homesteads must follow the basic principles of strictly protecting cultivated land,saving intensive use of land,combining with national macro-control and giving priority to efficiency and taking into account equity.As for the supply subject,clarify the main status of the peasant collective;as for the supply target,gradual reforms can be adopted to gradually expand from rural residents to urban residents;in terms of supply methods,market transactions such as bidding,auction,and listing are adopted.At the same time,we should adhere to the concept of induced system change and establish a "dual track system" for homestead supply,that is,the principle of market-based supply,supplemented by non-market-based supply.The continuation of non-market supply is to take into account and guarantee the diversified needs of residents in the vast rural areas of China. |
