Emergency Shelter Location And Resources Allocation Considering The Hierarchy Of Refugees

The frequent occurrence of natural disasters caused huge losses to the human society.With the rapid development of human society,people’s awareness of disaster reduction and relief has become stronger.Policies and research on emergency management have arisen extensive attention.The most efficient emergency management measure for unpredictable natural disasters is to start relief activities immediately after the disaster.The primary task of post-disaster relief is to provide shelters and survival resources for refugees.Therefore,the research on emergency shelter location and resources allocation after a disaster is of great practical significance under natural disasters background.Based on the characteristics of emergency shelter location and resources allocation under natural disasters and in view of some deficiencies among existing research,the refugees are divided into different levels according to their injuries,then the hierarchical emergency shelter location and emergency resources allocation in the case of insufficient resources are comprehensively considered.A multi-objective multi-period integrated model of site selection and resources allocation is constructed,aiming at minimizing the total hierarchical evacuation distance,minimizing the total costs,and minimizing the total hierarchical fairness loss of refugees due to insufficient resources.A two-layer heuristic algorithm combining simulated annealing algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the optimal target value of the integrated model: in the outer layer,the simulated annealing algorithm is applied to site selection and in the inner layer the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to solve the corresponding resources allocation.To optimize the result of the proposed algorithm,the improved two-layer heuristic algorithm is designed by absorbing the group search of genetic algorithm into simulated annealing algorithm to improve its single individual evolution defect.The emergency shelter location and resources allocation planning in Chaoyang District of Beijing is conducted as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithms.Conclusions are as follows: compared with the two-layer heuristic algorithm,the improved two-layer heuristic algorithm can optimize the results of the proposed model by expanding the exploration scope and enhancing its population diversity;adequate relief budget and preparation of emergency resources play an important role in improving the efficiency of disaster relief and reducing the fairness loss of refugees;selecting candidate emergency shelters plays an irreplaceable role in both reducing the evacuation distance of refugees and providing adequate evacuation places for refugees;furthermore,the results of emergency shelter location and resources allocation using Chaoyang District of Beijing as a case study provides decision support for subsequent emergency facilities planning and the formulation of emergency relief planning in Chaoyang District.