Research On The Formation Path Of Marx’s Historical Materialism

Historical materialism is an important part of Marx’s theoretical system.Its formation is a process.Through the investigation,reflection and criticism of the real life,constantly surpassing the thought achievements of predecessors,creating his own philosophical logical starting point and thinking mode,Marx establishes the historical materialism finally.In order to solve the problem of the opposition between reality and ideal,young Marx,under the influence of Hegel and the young Hegelians,expounded his philosophical thoughts through the thinking mode of consciousness,which regards “self-consciousness” as the logical starting point.However,the thinking mode of consciousness,due to its own contradictions,could not meet the Marx’s urgent needs to solve practical problems,and it would push Marx begin to study the materialism inevitably.The social practice at the time of the Rheinische Zeitung made Marx the afflictive question.In order to solve the practical problems,by criticizing Hegel’s theory and inspired by Feuerbach’s theory of perceptual existence,Marx combined with economics and established the philosophical thought about the thinking mode of existence,which regards “perceptual existence” as the logical starting point.Marx analyzed and criticized the capitalist system on the theory of alienated labor,and pointed out the necessity of communism to solve the “riddle of history”.However,when Marx found the limitations of the thinking mode of consciousness,he criticized the humanistic theory.Through a new round of criticism,Marx finally formed the thinking mode of practice which regards “perceptual activity” as the logical starting point,systematically expounded the historical materialism on the basis of the thinking mode of practice,and formally established the historical materialism.By analyzing Marx’s classic works,this paper describes the thinking path of young Marx from his thinking mode of consciousness with “self-consciousness” as the logical starting point to his thinking mode of existence with “perceptual existence” as the logical starting point to his thinking mode of practice with “perceptual activity” as the logical starting point.By comparing the details of the logical starting point and thinking mode in different periods of Marxist philosophical theory,this paper explores the potential factors that promote the formation of historical materialism,and outlines the thinking path and logical clue of the formation of historical materialism through the perspective on the transformation of thinking mode.