The Influence Of Chorus Music On Cooperative Behavior And Its Internal Mechanism

Music is an attractive carrier for transmitting information to the receiver.People listen to music or participate in music activities not only for enjoyment,but also to meet the needs and wishes of social psychology.Previous researchers have conducted a lot of studies on the tendency of music to promote individual prosocial behavior,and unanimously found that music can promote individual prosocial cognition,emotion and behavior.These studies can be roughly divided into two categories:playing music and listening to music.In the activities of playing music,researchers found that group chorus can promote the intimacy between individuals,increase group trust,and promote the helping and cooperative behaviors in prosocial behavior;In the related research of listening to music,most of the studies focused on the research of prosocial lyrics music,and found that prosocial lyrics music can promote individual cognition and empathy,and further have a positive impact on individual helping and cooperative behaviors.As a music form of group interpretation,chorus music has always been regarded by musicians as a form of cooperation and unity,but there is little research on listening to chorus music in the current research.In the study of social schema,it is pointed that an individual’s consistent evaluation of relevant information in long-term experience will lead to the connection between evaluation and experience stimulation,which is also consistent with the implicit connection view of embodied cognitive theory.Whether chorus songs,which are generally considered to convey the meaning of cooperation in theory,can have an impact on individual behavior is still a less studied problem.Therefore,based on the previous theories,this study will use empirical research methods to further explore whether chorus songs can promote individual cooperative behavior.At the same time,there are still disputes about the influence of musical emotion on prosocial behavior,which will also be deeply explored in this study.Furthermore,the general learning model points out that the promotion of music on individual prosocial behavior is mainly realized through two internal mechanisms: prosocial cognition and prosocial emotion,that is,the activation of prosocial concept and the promotion of empathy.If choral music can promote individual cooperative behavior,can it also have an impact on individual cooperative cognition and emotion? Based on this,this study designed three experiments to explore the impact of chorus music on cooperative behavior and the role of music emotion in it,and further used ERP technology to explore the impact of chorus music on prosocial cognition and emotion and its neural basis.Experiment 1 explored the cooperative behavior of individuals after listening to chorus music and solo music under different emotions through game tasks.This experiment adopted 2（song type: chorus,solo）× 2（emotional type: positive and negative）in the subject design.The results showed that compared with listening to solo music,individuals are more inclined to make cooperative behavior choices after listening to chorus songs,but the emotion of music has no effect on individual cooperative behavior.Experiment 2 explored whether chorus music could activate individual cooperative concept and N400 effect through semantic priming paradigm and ERP technology.Experiment 2（singing method: chorus,solo）× 2（song emotion: positive and negative）× 2（vocabulary type: cooperative,independent）in subject design.In terms of behavior results,it is found that under the condition of chorus music,individuals’ response to cooperative words is significantly shorter than that of phrases to independent words,while under the condition of solo music,individuals’ response to two words is not different.In this experiment,it is found that emotional types have an impact on the individual’s response.The individual’s response under the condition of positive emotional songs is faster than that under the condition of negative emotions.These results show that chorus music can activate the concept of cooperation,and positive emotional music may promote the individual’s cognitive response.In terms of EEG results,it is found that independent words induce a greater N400 amplitude under the condition of chorus music,while cooperative words induce a greater N400 amplitude under the condition of solo music,which also shows that chorus music has a semantic priming effect on the concept of cooperation.Experiment 3 explored the effect of chorus music on individual empathy by listening to different types of music.This study adopted 2（song types: Chorus and solo）× 2（song emotion: positive and negative）× 2（picture type: pain,non pain）in the subject design and found that in terms of behavior,after listening to chorus music,the individual’s scores of pain and non-pain pictures were higher than that of solo music,and the emotion of music had no effect.In terms of ERP results,it was found that the type of song had little effect on the early components N1 and N2,but it was found that chorus music induced greater positive waves in P2,P3 and LPP,and the regulating effect of song emotion was also found in P3.These results show that chorus music can promote individual empathy,mainly in the middle and late stages of cognitive processing,which may be related to individual cognitive evaluation and decision-making.To sum up,this study found that chorus music can promote individual cooperative behavior,and has a positive impact on individual cooperative cognition and empathy.However,emotion only plays a regulatory role in the impact of music on empathy.This result provides a new type of music for the study of the influence of music on individual prosocial behavior,and provides evidence for the influence of the music without lyrics on individual prosocial behavior.These results also consolidate the theoretical basis of music and prosocial behavior education,and we should pay more attention to the role of chorus music in music education in the future.