Study On The Development History Of Chinese Wheat Breeding In The 20th Century

Wheat has been planted in China for thousands of years.After a long period of artificial and natural selection,tens of thousands of local varieties have been formed.This is not only one of the important achievements of traditional Chinese empirical agronomy,but also the operation of traditional society and even the continuity of China.one of the supports.Since the 19 th century,with the birth of modern western experimental agronomy,modern wheat breeding methods based on evolution theory,genetics and other disciplines were born.At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,along with the process of modern China,the knowledge and technology of wheat breeding from the West were gradually introduced into China.China’s modern wheat breeding business has experienced a process from scratch,from thought to practice,from input to independence..In the 100 years of the 20 th century,the cause of wheat breeding has gradually developed and deepened in China.From the end of the 19 th century to the first half of the 20 th century,the idea of wheat improvement was initially formed with the introduction of Western agronomic knowledge by the "Journal of Agriculture";the improvement practice was initially carried out with the establishment of modern agronomy education in University of Nanking;the improvement demand was initially proposed with the expansion of the national flour industry.Since then,due to the accumulation of domestic and foreign resources,Jiangsu has become the core area and demonstration area of wheat improvement in China,and the improvement of wheat has achieved initial results.At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War,the wheat improvement organization moved to the rear,and the improvement work continued in the west.During the war of resistance against Japan,the improved varieties were expanded in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces and became a strong backing for the victory of the war of resistance against Japan.At the end of the 1940 s,the wheat breeding business was shaped and adjusted with the establishment of the new regime.The deep involvement of the state power promoted the popularization of wheat varieties on the one hand,and dominated the direction of breeding research on the other hand.Since 1956,the horn of marching into science has blown away the haze shrouded in breeding and scientific research,and the national wheat breeding work has also been initially coordinated after the establishment of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences.However,political movements have come one after another,and Breeders can only struggle through the cracks of political movements.It is difficult to make progress in the gap.In the early 1970 s,the scientific research on wheat breeding received attention after the National Symposium on Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology was held,and cooperation in breeding scientific research was carried out in various wheat areas.In 1978,the achievements of wheat breeding were commended,breeding experts regained respect,breeding institutions were restored,and the development of breeding business ushered in the spring again.After four years of summarizing and refining domestic and foreign experience,macro policy adjustments have been made to remove obstacles to the in-depth development of breeding research.Since the1980 s,with the release and implementation of a relatively complete five-year plan,the national cooperation in wheat breeding and the international breeding and scientific research cooperation have been carried out in an all-round way,and the development of China’s wheat breeding has been in-depth since then.After reviewing the development history,this paper argues that China’s wheat breeding in the 20 th century generally showed an upward development trend,and many factors such as politics,economy,science and technology,and the environment affected the progress of the breeding.