Study On Intelligence Gathering Activities Of Envoys In The Process Of Diplomatic Between Jin And Song Dynasty

During the confrontation period of more than one hundred years,the relationship between Jin and Song Dynasty experienced a process of constant transformation from war to peace.However,both sides did not interrupt the exchange of envoys regardless of the war.Envoys from the two sides possessed a greater advantage in gathering intelligence on the other side.The reason is that they had access to each other’s territory.Although the Jin and Song sides took a considerable number of measures to prevent the leakage of information,both formulated strict preventive measures.However,the envoys of the two sides still made full use of official and private chances to collect and obtain as much information as possible on the territory of the other side,including the situation about geography,as well as political and military information.They brought the information back to the imperial government.Through a series of intelligence gathering activities from envoys,both Jin and Song obtained a lot of information,which provided important reference for their respective policy making.By comparing the intelligence gathering activities of the envoys of the Jin and Song dynasties,we can not only sort out the general trend of the relations between the Jin and Song dynasties,but also the general trend of their ideas of diplomatic system.At the same time,we can also have a deep interpretation about the different political and military situations and regime operation of Jin and Song dynasties in different periods.The text of this dissertation can be divided into five chapters.The first part is the introduction of this paper.This part mainly defines the relevant concepts and reviews the academic history,and introduces the research ideas,methods,innovative points and difficulties of this dissertation.The second part is the historical background of envoys between Jin and Song dynasties.In this part,I give the explanation of the situation between Jin and Song dynasties in the 12 th and 13 th centuries.In addition,I sort out the types of envoys and the specific composition and characteristics of the members of the envoys.In this chapter,the development of war and engagement between the Jin and Song dynasties was sorted out,and the system design of engagement,the original intention,purpose and characteristics of envoys were analyzed,so as to prepare for the exploration of intelligence gathering activities of envoys in the future.The third part is the reason why envoys of Jin and Song dynasty undertook the task of information collection.Through the sorting out of the previous chapter,the author tries to sort out the information control measures of the Jin and Song dynasties and the special status and characteristics of envoys in this chapter.The fourth part is: the contents of obtaining information of the Jin and Song envoys.Envoys from the Jin and Song dynasties collected and obtained a great deal of information through their diplomatic routes and official banquets.The fifth part is the counter-intelligence activities of Jin and Song dynasties.Although both the Jin and The Song took a series of measures against the envoys’ spying,the preventive measures of the Song were less effective than those of the Jin when the Jin was stronger and the Song was weaker.The sixth part is divided into:the influence of intelligence gathering by envoys.The information obtained by envoys of The Jin and Song dynasties provided the basis for the policy making of the Jin and Song dynasties,thus influencing the decision-making of the imperial court.However,in the process of information processing,the Song Dynasty was affected by the situation of strong Jin and weak Song and the policy of peace and peace,so it made mistakes in the process of information processing and failed to make effective use of the information obtained by envoys.Comparatively speaking,The Jin Dynasty was more cautious about the information obtained by envoys.The seventh part is the conclusion of this dissertation.Through the previous chapter to sent envoys of the Song dynasty intelligence gathering relevant analysis of the problems,and from the perspective of send ideas and then get to the conclusion that the changes of international pattern in east Asia,under the situation of domestic regime more confrontation,is in the process of policy making and political operation,advantage to obtain more information,to obtain more initiative in the process of send,Through various means,the Kings and ministers of the Jin Dynasty intentionally collected as much information as possible beneficial to the Jin Court through the convenience created by the envoys’ activities.Their ideas and activities of engagement also showed obvious "pragmatism" characteristics in this series of operation process.