A Study Of The Sociality Of Human Beings In The Critical Perspective Of Marx’s Political Economy

To use the research horizon of Marx’s criticism of political economy to judge the ideological itinerary of Western doctrines on the human sociality is to use the methodology from abstraction to concreteness within the grand framework of the materialist view of history,to clarify the concept of human sociality in the two-way critique of metaphysics and metaphysics,to draw a clear line between Marxist scientific theory and Western theory,and to further clarify the historical and scientific nature of Marx’s social essence thought.In the theoretical vision of Marx’s critique of political economy,the sociality of man,as the inherent judgment of Western philosophers,presents two opposing theoretical forms in the history of philosophy.First,the sociality of man,as the logical premise of the Western classical natural law concept,is the subject dimension answer given by western philosophers before Marx to the question of the origin and maintenance of social order,and it is finally dogmaticized into the abstract human theory and economic man hypothesis in classical political economy in the secularization of classical modern natural law and the historical march of the Scottish Enlightenment,giving the eternal rationality of capitalism a human foundation.Second,sociality,as Marx’s basic stipulation on the essence of man,is expressed in the economic relations between people in material production activities.Marx defined social relations as the social nature of man,which is the logical premise for his construction and deepening of the materialist view of history in the criticism of political economy,so that Marx can finally reveal that capitalist society is not the end of the evolution of human society under the natural law system,but the historical stage of selfdenial in the continuous abandonment of human subject actions and objective social relations.Marx’s theoretical changes to social categories cannot be separated from the reshaping of the modern social order of the West by the capitalist market economy and the development of classical political economy.On the one hand,the political sociality of classical ancient natural law with the political virtues and political rationality of citizens as the core has been transformed into the civic business spirit and economic rationality contained in British classical political economy through the construction of the two paradigms of "private property-natural rights" and "natural state-social contract" in the concept of classical modern natural law.On the other hand,the capitalist market economy and the increasing maturity of commercial capital,as a sign of the modernization and transformation of Western society,were condensed by Adam Smith into a commercial social concept with the modern market system and the theory of division of labor growth as the core,and then sublimated into the theoretical form of civil society with selfreflective consciousness in Hegel’s exposition.Hegel and Adam Smith gave the social categories of classical natural law referring to transcendental virtues and rationality the basis of economic reality,redefined sociality on the two coordinates of "division of labor" and "market exchange",and gave Marx a major enlightenment to the nature of human social relations.Marx’s abandonment of man’s transcendental sociality in the previous concept of natural law with the essence of man’s social relations is an important achievement in his early research on political economy and an ideological prelude to the initial establishment of the materialist concept of history.Since then,"social relations" have become an important clue to Marx’s critique of political economy and the isomorphism of the materialist view of history,revealing the materialization and materialization of social relations under the domination of capital,and the realistic path of realizing the free liberation and all-round development of people has become Marx’s lifelong theoretical pursuit.Thus achieving a fundamental transcendence of traditional Western anthropological thought,classical natural law concepts and classical political economy theories,and completing a deep critique of the crisis of capitalist market system,capitalist capital,and capitalist industrial modernity.