Cumulative Risk And Left-behind Children’s Loneliness: Mediating Effect Of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction

With the acceleration of reform,opening up and modernization,the gap between urban and rural areas is gradually widening,and a large number of surplus rural labor forces are flooding into cities.As a result,a large number of underage children are left in the countryside and become left-behind children.In 2013,the All-China Women’s Federation pointed out that the total number of left-behind children in rural areas has exceeded 60 million,accounting for 37.7 percent of rural children.Due to their parents’ long-term migrant work,left-behind children lack effective emotional communication with their parents,which makes them prone to psychological imbalance,improper behavior and other problems.In addition,children face a series of physical and mental changes after puberty,and their parents’ absence also makes them uneasy.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the physical and mental development of left-behind children.With the acceleration of the construction of modern society and the rapid development of science and technology,people’s figurative perception distance has been reduced,but the feeling of loneliness is increasing.Loneliness is a kind of negative inhibitive emotion feeling.Long-term feeling of loneliness may have a great impact on the physical and mental health of individuals.At present,researches on the loneliness of left-behind children are mostly confined to a single background or variable,but individual development is the result of the interaction of multiple systems.Therefore,this study explored under different left-behind situation and remaining type characteristics and commonness between left-behind children’s loneliness,and on this basis further examines the cumulative ecological risk and the relationship between the left-behind children’s loneliness,study the basic psychological needs to meet may play a role of intermediary,can not only enrich children’s psychological development research,and for the left-behind children provide empirical basis for prevention and intervention of loneliness.In this study,a total of 752 subjects(including 360 left-behind children)were selected from 3 middle schools in Sichuan,Shanxi and other provinces and cities for measurement by using the Child Loneliness Scale,Basic Psychological Need Scale and9 scales related to cumulative ecological risk factors.SPSS 25.0 program was used for statistical and analysis of the data.There are two studies in this study.One is to explore the basic situation of the loneliness of left-behind children in rural areas,the difference between them and the non-left-behind children,and the social and demographic characteristics.In the second study,the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and loneliness of left-behind children was investigated from the perspectives of parents,peers and schools,and the mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and loneliness was explored.The research results are as follows:(1)The loneliness score of left-behind children is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children.(2)Gender difference of loneliness among left-behind children is not significant.(3)There are significant differences in the types of left-behind children’s loneliness.The scores of left-behind children in single-parent families are significantly lower than those in two-parent families.(4)The loneliness of left-behind children has no significant difference in family economic status.(5)There are significant differences in the degree of life satisfaction among left-behind children.The score of loneliness of left-behind children with high life satisfaction is significantly lower than that of left-behind children with low life satisfaction.(6)There is a significant positive correlation between cumulative ecological risk and left-behind children’s loneliness,a negative correlation between cumulative ecological risk and basic psychological need satisfaction,and a significant negative correlation between basic psychological need satisfaction and left-behind children’s loneliness.(7)The satisfaction of basic psychological needs has a partial mediating effect on the cumulative ecological risk and the loneliness of left-behind children.(8)The partial mediating effect of basic psychological need satisfaction on cumulative ecological risk and loneliness of left-behind children was stable across different groups.