| This paper attempts to explore the identity of Lao zi and Zhuang zi’s idea of "De"."Laozi" the concept of "DE" is mainly embodied in the chapter 38 on "DE",and " Zhuangzi " the concept of "De" is mainly manifested in the De filling operator put forward by the article "as not all De form" of interpretation;Although there seems to be no logical correlation between these two expressions,a careful analysis of the social conditions of his times and the fables in Zhuangzi· De Chong Fu will reveal that Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi’s concept of "De" is identical.Their "De" all refers to "obtaining Tao",that is,realizing human’s "nature" through conscious recognition of the "giving" of "Tao".This paper discusses the historical background of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi’s "De",the concept of " De " in Lao Zi,the concept of " De " in Zhuang Zi,and the internal relevance of Laozi and Zhuangzi’s idea of "De".The first part focuses on the historical background of Lao Zhuang’s "De".The popularity of the western zhou feudal patriarchal clan,the extended set of " the ritual" system,the blood relationship politics of his personal relationship as the up and down the pecking order,service to the needs of the kingdom.However,the coming of the era of "the breakdown of rites and the breakdown of music" indicated the disintegration of the feudal patriarchal system,and marked the decline of the inherent mode of maintaining the political ruling order with the system of "the rites of De ".The various schools of thought came into being,seeking a new way for social development and people’s life.The Taoists,represented by Laozi,focused on the inherent limitations of the system of "De" and paid attention to the alienation of the connotation of " De " in the process of implementation.This paper reconsiders the question of " De " from the relationship between heaven and man and man himself,and puts forward the idea of "De is not virtue",in an attempt to provide a moral theoretical basis for a stable world.The second part reveals the ideological connotation of the concept of "De" by focusing on analyzing the proposition of " De not virtue" in Laozi.In the system of Western Zhou,"benevolence","righteousness" and "propriety" were all included in the secular moral system to regulate people’s behavior and maintain the social and political order.However,although these ethical norms originated from the natural nature that people obtained from Tao,their connotation gradually deviated from the nature when it played its role in the feudal system,and the "De" that Zhou people so valued and adhered to was transformed into a kind of "lower De ".Through the investigation of the internal relationship between " De" and "gain",we can see that " De" is actually "gain",and the fundamental of "gain" lies in the realization of human "nature".That is,following the natural nature of the Tao to do nothing,this " De " is "superior De ".The theory of " De without virtue" has defined the basic connotation of " De " in Taoism.The third part further discusses the ideological connotation and basic characteristics of the concept of " De " in Zhuangzi.In the form of fable,"Zhuangzi · De Chong Fu" vividly depicts six figures who are "deformed" but "virtuous",thus highlighting the spiritual trait of "virtue" of Zhuangzi,which is "only complete virtue without shape",and highlighting the essential difference between " De " of nature and " De " of secular morality.The so-called "virtue" of nature does not waver for fame and wealth,nor does it pay attention to its influence on others.It breaks out of all external norms of "meridian meaning degree".Not through learning,teaching and other ways to practice,but through the way of self-enrichment of its "virtue";In a "natural" way,return to the real individual itself.From this,we can see that the " De " in Zhuangzi essentially means "gaining the Tao" and "becoming oneself".The fourth part mainly reveals the inner relevance of Laozi Zhuangzi’s concept of " De ".An analysis of the concept of "Shang De " in laozi and the concept of "De Bu Xing" in zhuangzi shows that the " De " they both talk about is the same " De ".In essence,the " De " in Laozi refers to the "De Bu Xing" with the supreme tenet of "Tao following nature".The fable story of Zhuangzi interprets "gaining oneself" as "gaining morality",which responds to the true meaning of "gaining morality without virtue" in this sense.The thought of "only full De without shape" in zhuangzi de chong fu is a deep interpretation and situational interpretation of "shang de without virtue" in laozi thirty-eight chapters.In a word,although there are great differences in the way of expression between Laozi and Zhuangzi,they share the same idea of " De ",which means that people should "become themselves" by "gaining the Tao". |
