| Jiao Hong,as an important scholar in the late Ming Dynasty,has attracted academic attentions in recent years.Scholars have carried out in-depth discussions on Jiao Hong’s life writings,academic thoughts,literature and history.However,as a "Northern Man" in the late Ming Dynasty,Jiao Hong’s literary achievements have been obscured for a long time,attracting little attention from the modern academic world.Based on this situation,this paper takes The Four Books of Jiao Hong as the research object.The study of the Four Books of Jiao Hong is of great significance for clarifying the construction of its Confucian classics system and restoring Jiao Hong’s historical appearance as a scholar.At the same time,based on the special position of Jiao Hong in the academic turn of the late Ming Dynasty and the position of the Four Books in the center of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty,the study of Jiao Hong’s Four Books can enter the historical context of the late Ming Dynasty and give us a detailed and micro understanding of the academic ecology of that particular period.The research content of this paper is carried out from four aspects as follows:The first part is Jiao Hong’s life and academic overview.First of all,on the basis of sorting out the life and academic experience of Jiao Hong,the close relationship between his family history,education,social connections and the academic form of Jiao Hong was investifated.Such as,the enlightenment form his father Jiao Wenjie and his elder brother Jiao Rui,turning to study of mind after learning from Geng Dingxiang and paying attention to study of benevolence by learning from Luo Rufang.Secondly,the ideological system of Jiao Hong was traced and restored.Jiao Hong inherited the tradition of Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties,absorbed the Confucian thoughts of the Book of Changes and the Four Books and emphasized the effect of centrality.He also firmly believed in Yangming’s theory of conscience and absorbed much of Yangming’s theory.At the same time,for Buddhism,Jiao Hong hold an open attitude,clarifying Confucianism with the help of the essence of Buddhism and Taoism.The second part is the analysis of the characteristics of Jiao Hong’s Four Books interpretation.Jiao Hong interpreted the Four Books on the importance of elaborate interpretation of thoughts,and restored the original appearance of the Four Books by textual researches.He paid attention to interpret classics by classics,emphasizing the internal connections of thoughts in the Four Books and using six classics to interpret four books.Meanwhile,he cited historical evidences and absorbed Buddhism and Taoism to interpret Confucius and Mencius.In a word,Jiao Hong’s interpretation of four books not only inherits from Confucianism in Song dynasty,but also stands on his own view of Confucian classics,which is mostly different from that of scholars of the same period.The formation of such characteristics of interpreting classics is not only rooted in the zeitgeist of the late Ming Dynasty,but also adheres to the independent thinking as a scholar.The third part is the ideological essence of Jiao Hong’s study of the Four Books.Jiao Hong lived in the late Ming Dynasty,when academic and social forms were complex.The Four Books of Hong Jiao not only responded to the disputes between the schools of Neo-Confucianism,but also reflected on the real situation,which was embodied in the thought of "mediating Zhu Wang’s classics" and the thought of "applying classics to practical use".Jiao Hong interprets the four books,the main point is attributed to Yangming and the sublation of Cheng Zhu.In terms of word interpretation,scripture chapters,point of view and so on,Cheng Zhu received much refutation,and Cheng Zhu’s advocation of practice and emphasis on effort in the Four Books study is much appreciated.At the same time,Jiao Hong to study of School of Mind is not wholly absorbed.When he was pushed School of Mind,against the disadvantages of empty effort and floating style of study about successor of Yangming School of,to explain route of ontology,the time that the style of study,through redefining human nature "no good without evil",strictly control the relationship between emotion and human nature,gradually pay equal attention to the training time,reflect on Yang next year learning and revision.Moreover,in the face of political chaos and the decline of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty,Jiao Hong carried forward the principles of the social governance and explored the connotation of social governance from the Four Books,taking doctrines of governance and methods of governance as the core.Jiao Hong’s study of the Four Books sublates Cheng Zhu and corrects Yang Ming in order to accommodate Zhu Wang.Jiao Hong also tried to apply classics to practice and enrich reality,which shows the deep thinking of scholars of the mind study on the academic and social aspects of the specific period in the late Ming Dynasty.The fourth part is Jiao Hong’s literary attention to the Four Books.Under the influence of the tradition of "writing by means of scriptures" since the Southern Dynasty and the stereotyped writing in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the orientation of "discussing classics by means of literature" appeared in the interpretation of classics in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.Influenced by this,Jiao Hong’s interpretation of the Four Book focus on the literary factors.Jiao Hong not only interpreted classics form the perspective of stereotyped writing,attaching great importance to chapters of the Four Books and trying to figure out the tone of sages,but also interpreted the Four Books from a view of article science,making an in-depth analysis of the language,rhetoric,structure and other contents of the Four Books,and refining the meaning of classics with the help of literary context.Jiao Hong’s literary interpretation model of "seeking meaning through literature and theory" implies that scholars in the late Ming Dynasty had different attitudes towards classical texts from those in previous generations.Through Jiao Hong’s research of the literary aspect of the Four Books,the unique academic value orientation of the integration and penetration of classics and literature in the late Ming Dynasty can be seen. |
