An Asymmetry Study Of “Verb-directional” Construction Of "Shang/Xia" In Modern Chinese

This article mainly discusses the predicate-complement structure of"shang/xia(上/下)"type trend complements,including the simple“Verb+shang/xia(V上/下)”trend complement structure,and the“Verb+shanglai/xialai(V上来/下来),Verb+shangqu/xiaqu(V上去/下去)”compound trend complement structure.From the perspectives of structural form,semantic content,verb collocation,etc.we explore the asymmetry study of“Verb-directional”construction"Shang/Xia".The first chapter mainly debates this article’s research object,research status,research significance and research methods.Chapters 2 to 4 analyze the asymmetry of the structure,semantics and verb collocation of modern Chinese"Verb+Shang/xia(V上/下)","Verb+Shanglai/xialai(V上来/下来)",and"Verb+Shangqu/xiaqu(V上去/下去)".First of all,it compares the types of structural sentence patterns,compares the quantitative differences of"le(了)"in the structural sentence patterns,the quantitative differences of the"possible"variant structures,and the problems of transformation between structures.Then,a comparative analysis of the semantic category types was carried out,and the asymmetry between the same semantic type and different semantic types in each group of"Verb+Shang/xia(V上/下)","Verb+Shanglai/xialai(V上来/下来)",and"Verb+Shangqu/xiaqu(V上去/下去)"was discussed.Finally,it analyzes the asymmetry of"Verb+Shang/xia(V上/下)","Verb+Shanglai/xialai(V上来/下来)",and"Verb+Shangqu/xiaqu(V上去/下去)"with related verbs,and discusses the number of verbs used and the asymmetric relationship between the use of the same verbs.The last chapter summarizes this article,using the marker theory and cognitive theory to analyze the asymmetry in the"shang/xia(上/下)"trend.It is found that"shang(上)"is an unmarked item when used as a simple directional complement,and it is used more frequently;"xialai(下来)"and"xiaqu(下去)"show more usage in compound directional complements,and the phenomenon of"marking upside-down"is obvious.People’s cognition of language is affected by psychological and social factors,and the semantic shift of"shang/xia(上/下)"is often viewed in conjunction with the"optimistic principle".