A Study On The Literary Vocabulary In Oral Poems Of Hmong People’ Northeastern Hmong Sub-dialect

Among the folk oral poems in Northeastern Hmong Sub-dialect of Chuanqiandian Hmong language,a category of rarely used words in daily language appeared frequently in oral poetry,ancient scriptures and other folk oral classics,which are called by a majority of scholars as "archaic words",also as "non-spoken words","poetry vocabulary","special vocabulary","linguistic relics",and "literary language" by other scholars.Despite their rare appearance in daily language,these words are often used by singers in special contexts of poetry singing activities due to the connotation,beautiful rhetoric,and the ability to create ethereal and illusory artistic conception.However,it is often difficult to judge whether these words are "ancient words" because of insufficient written documentation and the limitation of language usage.In view of this,this paper conducts systematic and in-depth organization of the phonetics,semantics,grammar,and structural features of literary vocabulary in Hmong People’ oral poetry through contact linguistics and sociolinguistics related research methods.It is hoped to help scholars to more accurately explain Hmong People’ oral poetry based on the concluded "literary vocabulary table" and provide a reference for the study of Hmong nationality’s social history and culture.Based on the corpus such as "Selected Works of Western Folk Literature(2)" edited by Miao Qing,the "Integration of Hmong People’s Oral Culture in Western China" collected and sorted by British missionaries Zhang Shaoqiao and Zhang Jiqiao,as well as Hmong People’s oral poetry collected from the author’s field investigation in the past three years,this paper firstly defines the concept of Hmong People’ oral poetry and literary vocabulary,discusses the language community and language variants used in literary vocabulary.Secondly,this paper classifies and describes the literary vocabulary in oral poetry.According to the grammatical function of the literary vocabulary,it is divided into content words and function words.In each part of speech,this paper lists relevant example words,compares with spoken words,and analyzes the pragmatic environment of Chinese vocabulary for each part of speech.Thirdly,this paper describes the structure format of literary vocabulary in oral poetry from the aspects of phonetic structure,semantic interpretation,grammatical relationship,and tonal changes,and summarizes the structural characteristics of words and the rules of tonal sandhi.Finally,the paper analyzes the literary value and language value of vocabulary through the discussion of the use value of literary vocabulary in oral poetry.The literary value lies in that the literary vocabulary in Hmong People’s oral poetry can manifest its beauty of rhythm,artistic conception of poetry,image art and musical charm.The rhyme structure of Northeastern Hmong Sub-dialect of Hmong People’s oral poetry,different from oral poetry in other dialects,manifests its special "rhythm" by using reduplicated words,supplementary words,and additional words.The value of language is focused on the practical application of literary vocabulary in the creation of folk literary works and the development of modern software.