| Since the 20th century,due to the impact of war and changes in the international political and economic environment,the export of American food products has been unfavorable,and the situation of excessive surplus food has begun to threaten the stability of its food market.After Eisenhower came to power,the government passed the "480 public law",which was used as a benchmark to carry out foreign food aid,reducing inventory in the form of aid,while opening up the food market.In the early1970 s,the world food crisis broke out.The new president,Jimmy Carter,took the strategy of "human rights diplomacy" as the core of American strategic policy in the new era.Influenced by the concept of human rights,the food aid policy in this period showed a more humanitarian aspect in content and goal.Through the analysis and interpretation of the original archives and related treaty texts of the United States,this paper explores the characteristics and significance of Carter’s food aid policy around specific examples.After Carter took office,he formulated the "world hunger initiative" with the cooperation of the president’s assistant to health Peter Bourne,national security assistant Zbigniew Brzezinski and Secretary of agriculture Bergland.He also established the "world hunger group" and "Presidential Committee on world hunger" to coordinate the formulation and implementation of food aid policies in the United States.From 1977 to 1980,the U.S.government,on the one hand,took "meeting the most basic needs of mankind" as its goal,continued to provide food and financial assistance to the recipient countries according to public law 480,helping the recipient countries overcome the food crisis,improve food production,ensure the basic survival of the people,and realize the coordination of the strategy of "human rights diplomacy";on the other hand,the U.S.government made overall plans under secretary of state Vance.We will actively participate in international food conferences and activities,and promote cooperation through dialogue and communication with international organizations such as the World Food Programme,major European countries and less developed countries.Since Carter took office,food aid has been implemented as an important part of human rights diplomacy.It has indeed played a positive role in the relatively mild cold war.It has contributed to the further settlement of the international food problem,promoted the reconciliation of North South relations,improved the international image of the United States,and promoted the export of Carter’s human rights diplomacy concept to a certain extent Out.However,human rights diplomacy itself still serves the political and economic interests of the United States.With the deterioration of U.S.-Soviet relations,food aid lost its good practice soil,and even was used as a weapon to put pressure on the Soviet Union.With Reagan’s coming to power,under the coordination of his new strategy,although the food aid work is still in progress,the relatively positive content of Carter Administration’s food aid policy has not changed It has been carried out continuously. |
