| Wenxian dialect belongs to Qinlong Pian of Central Plains Mandarin,which has four one-character tones,Yin-ping,Yang-ping,Shang-sheng and Qu-sheng.Previous studies on the intonation of Wenxian dialect have differences.For example,the description of tone value of four tones,whether the similarity of tone type and tone value leads to the simplification and combination of tone types,etc.These problems are not only the focus of the study of Wenxian dialect,but also representative of the whole northwest Chinese dialects.This paper analyzes the tone-sandhi of wenxian dialect by means of acoustics experiment,and compares it with previous researches to explore the reasons for the divergence.At the same time,personal research is supplemented for the fields not covered by previous achievements.The experimental results show that the tone pattern of Wenxian dialect is "high low rise fall".Yin-ping is a half high falling tone;Yang-ping is low rise and fall of pure low-key;The Shang-sheng tone is the high flat tone of the height rise and fall;The Qu-Sheng is the middle rising tone.Compared with male and elderly speakers,female and young speakers have a more distinct tone pattern.The reason for the differences of predecessors is related to the investigator’s grasp of the steady and dynamic tone segments,the investigator’s phonological habits,and the pronunciation habits of the speaker.The Heavy-heavy hyphen tone sandhi occurs in two combinations.One is the combination of "Yin ping + Shang-sheng tone",the front character changed from a half-high fall to a half-high flat;The second is the combination of "X+ Yang-ping".The last character is changed from a kyphotic tone to a low flat tone.Compared with the male group and the old group,the female and the young are more prone to tone sandhi.The light tone of Heavy-light double character tone is not light and short,which is different from the high characteristics of the light tone in Mandarin.In terms of tone type,the soft tones after Yinping,Shangsheng,and Qusheng are falling tones,and the soft tones after Yangping are convex,and the soft tones retain the arch feature.In terms of duration,the duration of soft-tone characters is not significantly shortened,and the characters before and after are almost the same length.In terms of tone intensity,the tone intensity of the words after the soft tone is slightly higher than the words before.Although the tone patterns and values of Yin-ping and Shang-sheng,Yang-ping and Qu-sheng in Wenxian dialect are similar,the single-character tones are not merged,and the reasons for the simplification of the tonal system need to be studied more deeply.The falling tail segment is common in mono-character tones and double-character groups.Whether it belongs to tonal segments still requires more in-depth investigation and research. |
