| The dialect of Guiding,Longli,and Fuquan belong to the southern Qiannan part of the Southwest Mandarin dialect of Mandarin dialect.In the book "Guizhou Province:Chinese Dialect History",some scholars classify the dialect of these three regions as transitional dialect.Regarding the tonal research of this part,previous studies mostly focused on traditional research and single-point dialect.This paper researches phonological differences among Guiding,Longli,and Fuquan dialect,including 30 mono-syllable words and 124 bi-syllable words.Using field investigation method,experimental phonetics method,language contact theory,phonology method,Sociolinguistic method,statistical method,study the phonetic commonalities and differences of dialect points.Describe,compare and analyze the tone under static and dynamic perspectives,the tone sandhi of bi-syllable,the evolution of the young and old Groups.To explain the tone sandhi phenomenon by using the method of Optimality Theory.Through comparison and analysis,we can deepen our understanding of the tonal features,internal commonality and individuality and the evolution of the tones of Qiannan part(Guiding,Longli,Fuquan dialect).The paper is divided into five chapters.The second chapter,third chapter,fourth chapter and fifth chapter are main body.The main contents of every chapter are as follows.First chapter:Introduction.This chapter first introduces general situations about the three dialect points of Qiannan part,including geography,population,and historical evolution;secondly,summarizes the linguistic research situation of the three dialect points in Qiannan part and explains the reason for the topic;finally,inspect consonants,vowels and pitch of the three dialect points,explain the content and methods of experimental research.Second chapter:mono-syllable pitch.this chapter mainly discusses the mono-syllable pitch of Qiannan part(Guiding,Longli,Fuquan dialect).First,analyze pitch and duration of the mono-syllable in the three dialect points;then conduct an acoustic survey on the ancient tones of the three dialect;on this basis,combine the analysis of the mono-syllable and the Entering Tone,and obtain the tonal pattern of the three dialects.According to the tonal pattern,it is concluded that the tones(T1～T4)of the three dialect points are basically the same,and the evolution of Entering Tone(T5)is not completely consistent.Specifically,T1 is a half-high level tone,T2 is a falling tone,T3 is a high level tone,and T4 is a low rising tone.The falling tone T5 is basically merged into T2,but there is a difference on the degree of merging between them(Longli T5 >Fuquan T5>Guiding T5).Third chapter:bi-syllable pitch.this chapter mainly discusses the bi-syllable pitch of Qiannan part(Guiding,Longli,Fuquan dialect).First,analyze bi-syllable pitch by region,and compare the changes in pitch when the same tone are used as the first and last words;secondly,describe the combination of bi-syllable tones in three dialect points,and examine the bi-syllable tones.The characteristics of the dynamic combination of tones;finally,from the perspective of time length,analyze the duration of the first and last wordss of the three dialect in Qiannan small dialect,and compare the duration with the time in the case of mono-syllable.Summarize the dynamic changes of each tonal category in the bi-syllable combination and the situation of the tonal variants.It is believed that the Guiding bi-syllable combination does not have tonality sandhi,Longli T2,T3,T4 have tones in some combinations,and Fuquan T4 also has tones in some combinations.In addition,there are also differences in the duration of the bi-syllable combination of the three dialect points.Among them,Guiding dialect bi-syllable tone length and mono-syllable tone length are in a gradual order: mono-syllable tone length>last word tone length>first word tone length,Longli dialect bi-syllable tone length is the shortest in first word,but last word tone length is almost the same as mono-syllable tone length.In Fuquan dialect,first and last tone length have no obvious difference,while the mono-syllable tone length is obviously longer than the first and last wordss.Fourth chapter:this chapter is to analyze the tone sandhi of Qiannan part(Guiding,Longli,Fuquan dialect)through Optimality Theory.The phonological analysis of the tonal sandhi in the bi-syllable word combination is carried out.There were 6 tonality sandhis in Longli bi-syllable word combination and 2 tonality sandhis in Fuquan bi-syllable word combination.On the basis of the phonological characterization of the tone sandhi,analyze the situation of tone sandhi by using Optimality Theory.It is found that the tone sandhi of the Longli bi-syllable combination is slightly complicated,including left-handed,right-handed,and two-way tone sandhi;the Fuquan bi-syllable combination only has a right-handed tone sandhi.The analysis results verify that the constraints are effective in the derivation process.However,it is worth noting that we found that among the three dialect bi-syllable word combinations,a tone with a tone value of /33/ is very active.It is a variant of one or two existing tones,and it is also a certain two.A tonal sandhi of the tonal category.Whether this is caused by the influence of ethnic minority languages in the region,or is there another reason,still needs to be further analyzed.Fifth chapter:this chapter mainly discusses the evolution of the old and young groups of Qiannan part(Guiding,Longli,Fuquan dialect).Analyze the old and young groups from the aspects of mono-syllable and bi-syllable tones.First of all,from the perspective of the evolution of the young and old groups of mono-syllable,it is believed that the tones of the three dialect points are basically unchanged between the young and old groups,and there are differences in the width of the tones between the young and the old.In addition,we found that the youngly entering tone has a different tune,and believes that it evolved again after being merged into T2 Hinata.It is the result of language contact and strong language influence.Secondly,from the perspective of the evolution of the young and old groups of bi-syllable tones,we have analyzed the combination of the young and old groups and the differences in tone sandhis,and believe that the three dialect of the old bi-syllable tones basically do not have tone sandhis,and there are many tone sandhis in the bi-syllable tone.It appears in the young faction combination,among which the Longli young faction has the most occurrences,followed by the Fuquan young faction,and the Guiding young faction does not have a tuned sandhi. |
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