An Experimental Comparative Study On The Tones Of Weishan Hui Ethnics And Han Chinese Dialects

Weishan Yi and Hui ethnics Autonomous County is affiliated to Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,and their dialect belongs to the southwestern Mandarin dialect.This paper will take Weishan Hui ethnics’ dialects and local Han Chinese dialects as the research objects,adopting fieldwork,phonetic experiments and comparative analysis to conduct extensive and detailed tonal experimental research on the two Chinese dialects.Comparison of Weishan Han Chinese Dialects,Summarize the tonal characteristics and tonal patterns of Weishan Hui ethnics’ Chinese dialect,as well as the tone sandhi rule of double-word tones.The paper contains four parts.The introduction part mainly introduces the historical and geographical overview of Weishan County,its dialect phonology,and the literature review of the experimental phonetic research of Chinese dialect tones.The second part is the research design of the tones of Weishan Hui ethnics’ dialect,including the reasons for the topic selection,the content and methods of the research,the acoustic characteristics and analysis methods of the tones,the design of the tones experiment research,etc.Regarding the study of mono-syllable tone,this paper respectively carried out experimental research and description of mono-syllable tones for two Chinese dialects.The speech analysis software Speech analyzer 3.1 is used to perform acoustic analysis on these two Chinese dialects from the pitch and duration.And the results regarding the pitch,duration and tonal patterns of the two Chinese dialects are compared and analyzed.The experiment results show that the Weishan Hui ethnics’ dialect comprises four tones: Yinping(first tone),Yangping(second tone),Shangsheng(third tone)and Qusheng(fourth tone).The tone pattern is: Yinping is a high-declining tone,and the key value is [52];Yangping is a medium-decreasing tone,and the key is[41];Shangsheng is flat-decreasing,and the key value is [331];Qusheng is a high flat tone with a tone value of [55].The duration pattern is:Shangsheng>Yinping>Qusheng>Yangping.The Weishan Chinese dialects have four tones: Yinping,Yangping,Shangsheng and Qusheng.The tone mode is: Yinping is a high-pitched tone,and the key is [54];Yangping is a mid-decreasing tone,and the key is [31];Shangsheng is a high-decreasing tone,and the key is [52];Qusheng is a falling and rising tone,and the key value is [323].The duration mode is:Yinping>Qusheng>Shangsheng>Yangping.Regarding the study of double-word tones,experimental studies and descriptions of the pitch,duration and continuous tone sandhi of the double-word tones of two Chinese dialects are conducted.Pitch analysis mainly studies the pitch acoustic parameters of the two-syllable tones of the four tones of the two Chinese dialects,and analyzes the changes of the four tones at different positions before and after the doubleword group;Normalize the fundamental frequency data and duration data,summarize the modulation variants of the double-word tone,and analyze the double-word tone sandhi mode and duration mode.It also compares and analyzes the pitch,duration and tone sandhi patterns of the two Chinese dialects.After the pairwise combination of the four tones of Weishan Hui ethnics’ Chinese dialect,there are a total of 16 double-word tones combinations.Among them,8 groups of double-word tones have no tone sandhi,and other 8 group of double-word tones have continuous tone sandhi.Among the combinations that have a tone sandhi,the last word does not change its tone,keeping the same tone type and value as the single word tone,and the front word tone type changes.There are four tonal categories in Weishan Hui ethnics’ dialects,namely four tonal phonemes.And there are some variations in the tone of double-word,one at least and six at most.The general change trend of these variants is still following the trend.The duration pattern of the first word of the double-word group of Weishan Hui ethnics’ Chinese dialect is: Qusheng>Yangping>Shangsheng>Yinping;the duration pattern of the latter word of the double-word group is: Yinping>Qusheng>Shangsheng>Yangping.Among the 16 double-word tones combinations of the four tones of Weishan Han Chinese dialect,12 groups of double-word tones have no tone sandhi,and 4 groups of double-word tones have continuous tone sandhi.The relative duration pattern of the first word of the double-word group of Weishan Han Chinese dialect is:Qusheng>Yinping>Shangsheng>Yangping;the relative duration pattern of the latter word of the double-word group is: Yinping>Qusheng>Shangsheng>Yangping.