The Developmental Characteristics Of Task-switching Ability In Executive Function Of 6-80 Year-old Individuals

Multi-situational task switching runs through a variety of life scenarios,such as translation between English and English in an English exam,stopping to answer the phone when hearing the phone ring at work,and constantly switching between road conditions in front of the driver and road conditions observation in the process of driving.The level of task switching ability directly affects the growth and quality of life of individuals.On the basis of previous studies,this study from a nonverbal task switching and verbal task switching two Angle,to examine 6-80-year-old individual differences and two kinds of task switching ability’s development characteristic,reveal the ability to switch tasks in the law of development in people’s life,in the unity on the basis of the experimental materials and experimental tasks,comprehensive map out the development of task switching capacity curve,so as to provide theoretical guidance for individual growth and education,but also provide a new perspective for executive function intervention.In Experiment 1,the response time of repeated task was significantly shorter than that of switching task,and the correct rate of repeated task was higher than that of switching task.On the age,young significantly shorter reaction time in middle-aged group,elderly group and children series,middle-aged group significantly shorter reaction time in elderly group and from children,the elderly group reaction time significantly shorter than children series,6-80-year-old general switching cost and specific development trend of conversion cost is inverted U curve,nonverbal task switching capacity development is u-shaped curve.In addition,the development trend of a specific switching cost is affected by the difficulty of the task during the lifetime.Simple tasks may not produce the age difference of the specific switching cost,while moderate and difficult tasks may produce the age difference of the specific switching cost.In Experiment 2,we found that the response time of the repeated task was significantly shorter than that of the switching task,and the accuracy of the repeated task was higher than that of the switching task.On the age of this dimension,young significantly shorter reaction time in elderly group,middle-aged group and children series,middle-aged group significantly shorter reaction time in elderly group and children series,children series reaction time significantly shorter than the elderly group,6-80-year-old general switching cost and specific development trend of conversion cost is inverted u-shaped curve,speech task switching power development in one’s life a u-shaped curve.In conclusion,for both non-verbal switching tasks and verbal switching tasks,the development trend of task-switching cost in an individual’s life shows an inverted U-shaped curve,while the development trend of task-switching ability in an individual’s life shows a U-shaped curve.After the development of task-switching ability reaches its peak in youth,it begin to decline slowly with the increase of age.