| On the basis of Aristotle’s poetics,western theorists have made various explanations of tragedy,more representative including Corneille、Racine the classical tragedy theory Hegel theory on tragedy、Schopenhauer Nietzsche Voluntarism theory、Marx Engels tragedy theory and Freud’s psychoanalysis theory,etc..Although there are great differences in their interpretations,they tend to be consistent in terms of tragic effect,namely “pity and fear”.In Hardy’s "character and environment" novel reading,the emotion of pity and fear is always there.The hero of a novel,like the hero of a tragedy,often suffers undeserved suffering,which arouses popular pity and sympathy;They are similar to the public,and this leads to defensive fear.But at the same time,"pity" and "fear" are two kinds of painful emotions,so they need to be purified and released,so that the viewer can achieve the recognition of education and introspection.Therefore,the author thinks that Hardy’s novels are tragedies in a sense,and Hardy himself has his own unique feelings and views on tragedies."Character and environment novels" can best represent the creation of Hardy’s tragic novels.Set in "Wessex",this novel presents the social geography of rural England in the Victorian era and the tragic fate of the underclass under the background of the great era,which contains Hardy’s unique view of tragedy.Based on the “character and environment” novels and the life of Hardy,This paper will discuss multiplicity of causes,the enthusiasm of significance,the uniqueness of artistic expression and the modern value of Hardy’s view of tragedy.The thesis consists of five chapters.The introduction part takes Hardy’s literary study of "Character and environment novel" as a reference and expounds the origin of the topic and the research status at home and abroad.The first chapter explores the origin of Hardy’s view of tragedy by combining his life experience.First,Hardy was the son of peasants.The local environment and customs had a direct and primitive influence.Secondly,Hardy was a cross-century literary giant who experienced international events such as the Industrial Revolution and the First World War.The great changes of society made Hardy excited about the prosperity of the cities and filled him with worries about the tragic fate of the rural people;Finally,Hardy’s love and reference of classical tragedy enrich Hardy’s tragedy view.The second chapter focuses on the performance of Hardy’s view of tragedy in his novels.“character and environment novels” embodies Hardy’s tragic view.The protagonist in the novel is either disillusioned or dying.According to the main causes,there are three tragic modes: Character tragedy,social tragedy and destiny tragedy.The third chapter discusses the aesthetic characteristics of Hardy’s view of tragedy in the novel.Firstly,the comprehensive application of various musical elements makes Hardy’s novels unique.Second,Hardy always insisted on critical realism to write tragedy,with a strong sense of times.In the end,the plot is arranged by means of the "abrupt transition" and "discovery" of classical tragedy,which makes the tragic story rise and fall.The fourth chapter discusses the uniqueness of Hardy’s view of tragedy.On the basis of inheriting the traditional view of tragedy,Hardy’s view of tragedy is innovative.The main expression is that he found his own form of tragedy and put forward his thought of "evolution towards goodness".This view thinks although people are hit hard by fate,they can have a happy life after struggle,which shows his view of tragedy is not depressed,but fighting and inspiring.The fifth chapter mainly excavates the value of Hardy’s view of tragedy.Hardy created a group of new women who dare to oppose the tradition,and gave them deep sympathy and care,which affirmed the value and dignity of women,even today is also valuable;in addition,Hardy’s tragedy emphasizes that the natural environment is closely related to human beings,people should not unrestrained consumption of the environment,but should consciously protect the environment,which is also consistent with the contemporary ecological concept. |
