A Study On The Establishment Of Risk Perception Scale Of Unconventinal Emergencies Based On Construal Level Theory

In December 2019,a major public health emergency ——caused by the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia,broke out in our country,which hindered the economic development across the country and even the world,and threatened the safety of human beings.The current focus of emergency management research is to study the rational response to such unknown risks.Domestic scholars’ research on emergencies began with the SARS event,and since the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake pushed China to initiate emergency management research on unconventional emergencies,and further raised the prevention and control of major risks to the national management level.How to deal with the panic psychology of people correctly after the sudden incident,has become the research direction on the psychological level.From the sociological and psychological level,risk perception is an important indicator to measure psychological panic caused by unconventional emergencies.However,the current risk perception scales lacks theoretical construction,and most of them have the characteristics of "compiled and used" for a certain emergency.The scales are compiled with different types of risk event categories,information and perception of consequences,which leads to the deviations of measuring instruments and the lack of universality.In conclusion,based on the construal level theory,study 1 compiled the Unconventional Emergency Risk Perception Scale to expand the dimensional connotation of risk perception.Risk events that lead to psychological panic of individuals usually have the characteristics of uncertainty,so that people’s reactions to uncertain events will produce individual differences and negative emotions.The tolerance of uncertainty represents the individual’s attitude towards uncertainty of events and has also been proven to be the core that maintains the anxiety disorder.From the perspective of positive psychology,self-efficacy tends to have an impact on risk perception.Under the new coronary pneumonia epidemic,study 2 further explored the public’s risk perception level and its influencing factors.Study 1 used literature analysis,interview and questionnaire to construct a preliminary scale of risk perception of unconventional emergencies.Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis,the four dimensions of risk perception(national trust,psychological distance,worry and severity of consequences)were determined,and the reliability and validity of the scale have been verified.Finally,an "unconventional emergency risk perception scale" consisting of 17 items and 4 dimensions was formed.The total internal consistency coefficient of thescale was 0.793;the internal consistency of all dimensions was 0.586～0.726;the split-half reliability was 0.731;and the split-half reliability of all dimensions was 0.594～ 0.727.Expert validity(I-CVI value and KAPPA value are both1.000)and structural validity(CMIN / DF = 2.938,RMSEA = 0.052,IFI = 0.899,AGFI =0.928,GFI = 0.947,CFI = 0.898)are good.Study 2 used self-compiled risk perception scale,negative emotion questionnaire,uncertainty tolerance questionnaire and positive psychological capital questionnaire,combined with demographic variables to investigate the risk perception level and its influencing factors of people under the new coronary pneumonia epidemic.The results show that risk perception is significantly positively correlated with negative emotions and uncertainty tolerance.Further mediating effect tests found that both negative emotions have a partial intermediary role in the impact of uncertainty tolerance on risk perception.The public’s risk perception is significantly different at different levels of individual factors.The conclusion of this study is as follows:(1)This research has preliminarily formed an unconventional emergency risk perception scale based on the construal level theory,with good reliability and validity,and is a reliable tool for measuring risk perception.(2)Negative emotions have a partial mediating effect on the impact of uncertainty tolerance on risk cognition.Self-efficacy is not significantly correlated with risk cognition.Gender,age,education and location also vary on different variables.There are significant discrepancies.