A Comparative Study On The Systems Of Formal Combat Soldier And Deputy Soldier Of Xixia

In the history of Xixia,the system of setting up a deputy for the formal combat soldier was implemented.As the main force of the army,the formal combat soldier was mainly responsible for combat functions.The formal combat soldier had a deputy to assist them.This system of setting up deputy lieutenants for the formal combat soldier can be summarized as the main and deputy soldiers system.A similar system of officers and deputy soldiers was also practiced in the Liao and Jin dynasties,which were roughly in the same period as Xixia.Xixia,Liao and Jin are both ethnic minority dynasties established in the same period.The three have many similar characteristics and development trends in history,which are comparable.In this paper,from the four aspects of the internal structure,weapon equipment,military identity information management,formation reason and influence,it conducts a comparative study on the military system of Xixia and Liao,jin.It is intended to deepen the understanding of the main and deputy soldiers system and promote the research of the military system of Xixia.The first chapter is about the research on the internal composition of the main and deputy military system.The main and deputy soldiers system consists of two parts:the formal combat soldier and the deputy army.As the main force of the army,the formal combat soldier is filled with strong adult men and mainly undertakes combat functions.Among adult men,the weak ones served as deputy soldier,assisting the formal combat soldier,and were responsible for the formal combat soldier ’s chores and supplies.The deputy soldier can be changed to the formal combat soldier when there is a shortage of the formal combat soldier.The formal combat soldier and deputy soldier of the Liao dynasty were named Zhengjun and the Jiading,and Jiading was the deputy of the Zhengjun.The Zhengjun was equipped with one person from the Da Cao Gu Jiading and the Shou Ying Pu Jiading.The main and deputy soldiers of the Jin dynasty were called the Zhengjun and Alixi,and Alixi is the deputy of the Zhengjun,and one Zhengjun is equipped with an Alixi.Studies have demonstrated that changes in the composition of the army are mainly manifested in the composition of deputy soldier.The composition of the Xixia Junchao was "Zhengjun,Fushan" in the early stage,and the Fushan was the deputy servant of the Zhengjun.Later,in the Fushan,appearing the Zheng Fushan and Fu Fushan,Sometimes,The Fu Fushan was written as "Fudui",which was equivalent to the deputy servant of the Fushan.This gave rise to the evolution of the Xixia Junchao of the composition of "Zhengjun,Fushan,Fudui".It is precisely because the Fudui is the deputy servant of the Fushan,so when the Fushan and the Fudui are side by side,the word "Zheng" is often added before the "Fushan" to show the difference.In the Jin dynasty,Alixi also differentiated later,with the higher status of Huanjia Alixi and ordinary Alixi,which can confirm our analysis of the composition of Xixia deputy soldier.The second chapter is about the research of weapons and equipment of formal combat soldier and deputy soldiers.The equipment of the Xixia and Liao,Jin formal combat soldier is preferable to than that of the deputy soldier.In the Liao dynasty,Da Cao Gu Jiading was equipped with war horses,and in the Jin dynasty,Alixi was also equipped with war horses.Xixia Fushan did not have horses.At the beginning of the establishing of the three dynasties,the equipment was mainly prepared by sergeants,and then gradually looked to be mainly supplied by the state.By comparing the equipment of the Xia and Jin cavalry,according to the role of the "hook cable" in the equipment of the Xixia cavalry,it is introduced that the "Wesuo" related to the "crawler horse" of the Jin Army is used to tie the cavalry and the horse together,so that when the cavalry will not fall easily when charging,which corrects the mistaken claim that Weisuo used to tie the three horses together.The third chapter is about the research on the military identity information management of formal combat soldier and deputy soldiers.Xixia and Liao,Jin males must register for military identity information when they reach a certain age,and when soldiers leave the army for some reason,their military identity information must be cancelled.The state has strict management over military identity information and conducts regular military identity information surveys.The fourth chapter is about the research on the cause and influence of the main and deputy soldiers system.The main and deputy soldiers system is related to the old custom of the cavalry in the Liao,Xixia,Jin Army and the logistics supply method of the soldiers in the early years of the founding of the three dynasties.The weaker adult males serve as the deputy soldier and are responsible for the logistics supply of the formal combat soldier,caring for horses,repairing protective gear,etc.,can save the energy of the formal combat soldier,and facilitate the formal combat soldier to recharge.The main and deputy soldiers system adapted to the social status quo in the early days of the founding of the Liao,Xia,Jin army.The formal combat soldier and the deputy soldier had one commander and one deputy.The commander and deputy soldiers were matched with each other.They were highly flexible and mobile,which effectively guaranteed the combat effectiveness of the Liao,Xia,Jin army.It also had a certain impact on the military system of later dynasties.The Junhu system in the Yuan dynasty may have borrowed from the main and deputy military system of the Xixia and Jin dynasties.