On The Evolution Of The Relationship Between China And Korea In The Latter Half Of The 19th Century-the Adjustment And Change Of Relations Under The Conflict Between Suzerain Vassal System And Treaty System

Focusing on the collision between the suzerain vassal system and the treaty system in the latter half of the 19 th century,this paper explores the changes in the understanding of the suzerain vassal system and the treaty system between China and North Korea,the process of adjusting the traditional suzerain vassal relationship,and the end of the suzerain vassal system and the final establishment of the equal relationship between China and North Korea.The suzerain vassal system is a traditional relationship system between ancient China and neighboring countries,among which the suzerain vassal system of China and Korea is the most typical and has a special status.Treaty system is a kind of relationship system between European countries in modern times.As different communication modes between the East and the west,the two countries have gone through different evolution processes for a long time.In the latter half of the 19th century,with the continuous invasion of Western powers,modern treaty system entered east Asia.China was forced to sign unequal treaties with Western powers,and North Korea was forced to sign "Jianghua Island treaty" with Japan.As a result,the traditional suzerain vassal system and modern treaty system collided fiercely in East Asia.This had a great impact on the continuation of the suzerain vassal relationship between China and Korea,and promoted the adjustment and change of the suzerain vassal relationship between China and Korea.In order to strengthen the suzerain status of Korea and maintain the suzerain vassal system of China and Korea,the Qing government began to use the treaty system to adjust the suzerain vassal system of China and Korea.The Qing government encouraged Korea to establish a treaty relationship with the Western powers to prevent Japan from monopolizing Korea.It also mediated and facilitated the Korea US trade treaty,trying to win the Western powers’ recognition of China’s status as a suzerain state in Korea,but with little effect.After that,he borrowed the treaty system directly into the Sino DPRK relations,signed the "Sino DPRK land and water trade charter" with North Korea,and reiterated the suzerain vassal system of China and North Korea in the form of treaty,hoping to strengthen the Sino DPRK relations and adapt to the international situation in this way.North Korea also began to try to change the traditional suzerain vassal system in new forms and began to seek sovereignty and independence.For example,in the Jiashen coup,Yu Jijun,a figure of the Kaihua school,put forward the idea of "making a stand in the middle of Korea",Yu Yunzhong envisioned sending people to stay in Beijing,and the Korean government tried to send foreign countries to settle the incident of Pu dingyang.However,after some adjustments,the fate that the suzerain vassal system would eventually be replaced by the treaty system could not be changed.In the end,the Qing Dynasty failed in the Sino Japanese War and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan,marking the end of the suzerain vassal relationship between China and Korea.In 1899,the Treaty of trade between China and Korea signed with the Korean Empire,marking the establishment of modern state relations between China and Korea.