| In 1996,the discovery of Wu Bamboo Slips,a huge and rich archive of local government officials,revealed many aspects of the Sun-Wu society to us.As an important phenomenon in the grass-roots society of Sun-Wu at that time,the "female-headed household" of Wu Slips in Zou-Ma-Lou was an important part of the social history research of Sun-Wu.Through the analysis of 23 cases of "female-headed household",The family structure of "female-headed household" is dominated by incomplete main family and nuclear family,and the family size is mostly about 3-5 members;the family members of "female-headed household" are divided into three types: "female-headed household" and minor children combination of family,"female-headed household" and adult children combination of family,"female-headed household" and other adult combination of family.The reason why there existed the combination of "female-headed household" and adult children was the result of the Sun Wu government’s "following the common customs".The "common" here may refer to the "native customs in the south",and this phenomenon had already existed in the Western Han Dynasty.In addition,the male population of "female households" was greater than that of female households,and the age structure of "female households" was distributed in different proportions,which was related to the natural geographical environment,war and tyranny of "south of the Yangtze River" in Sun-Wu.Through the analysis of the "Li Tamita Bie" in the "female household" tenancy field situation,it can be known that the "female household" tenancy field is based on two years of regular limited field,the number of tenancy fields varies.Compared with Jia-he four years,Jia-he five years of "female households" in general money cloth fold meters pay,and then the situation of the Sun Wu society;Through the introduction of the calculation method of Engel’s coefficient,combined with the field rent expenditure of 82 cases of "female household" Bie of Li Min Tian Family and all expenses of 7 different types of families,it can be known that a lot of "female household" is in a state of poverty that cannot even meet the basic needs,and there are also quite rich "female household" existing.The amount of the total amount of the tenanted land owned by the "female households" does not completely determine the level of their living standard,and the quality of the land is an important factor.In addition to participating in the farming activities,women households also participated in other economic activities such as slave trading,inn management,salt sales and so on.Through the analysis of Wu Jian and the "female household" household class,title of nobility,number and other related records in Wu Slips,we can see that the "female households" under the "inferior households" still belong to the inferior households among the three inferior households in the system,and may still have to pay the household money and other taxes that should be paid(such as land rent).Under the "female-headed household" can not be transferred to the preferential service,"adjustment" or "service" exemption is different for different types of "female households" families.The judgment standard of the "female-headed household" under the "inferior household" is that the family property is at the bottom of the inferior household and the "female household" itself or the family is poor,independent and puppets,getting stuck and suffering.It can be seen that there were very few women in the society of Sun-Wu who obtained the title,which was caused by the influence of the policy of the order of household establishment and the policy of hereditary rank.There were 96 "female households" in 62 qio in Linxiang County,combining Lin Xiang county’s population,speculating about throughout the Sun-Wu many "female-headed household " families. |
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