| The Lubei area is located in the Lubei Plain in the north of Shandong.It’s dialect belongs to the Xiqi area of the western Shandong dialect.Former researches on the tone sandhi of disyllabic word in north Shandong mainly focused on the single-point investigation and description,and lacked comprehensive,detailed and overall regional researches.On the basis of previous studies,this article summarizes the commonalities and internal differences of the tone sandhi of disyllabic word.In addition,this article combines the tone sandhi of disyllabic word to make an in-depth analysis of the merging of Guzhuoping,Quanzhuoru,Qingshang and Cizhuoshang,which are common in northern Shandong,and fills research gaps about the regional tone sandhi of northern Shandong dialectThe full text is divided into five chapters:Ⅰ.Introduction.This chapter briefly introduces the geographic population and historical evolution of Lubei area,general situation of northern Shandong dialect,summary of related researches,significance and methods of our research,source of materials,explanation of phonetic symbols,general situation of our survey,and pronunciation partners’ situationⅡ.The mono-syllable tone system of Lubei dialects.This chapter summarizes the single-character tone system of Lubei dialects and explains the common and internal differences in the number,composition and value of tones in the single-character tone system of the Lubei dialects.What’s more,we demonstrate the internal and age differences in the Qing dynasty school of Lubei dialects.Ⅲ.The tone sandhi of non-neutral disyllable words of Lubei dialects.This chapter briefly describes and analyzes the tone sandhi of non-neutral disyllable words in 19 dialect points in northern Shandong,summarizes the types of tone sandhis when each tonal category is used as the first word,and sorts out the types of merging and differentiation of tone sandhi of non-neutral disyllable words and their geographic distribution of Lubei area.Besides,we analysize the tone sandhi of non-neutral disyllable words from the perspective of the tone form.All types of tone are likely to merge with others due to the tone change of the preceding character when the latter character is used.When the latter character belongs to Yinping,Qingping,Shangsheng and Qusheng,the fomer character is more likely to imerge with others and the distribution of this phenomenon is more widely in Lubei area.In Lubei area,when the latter character belongs to Yinping,Qingping,Yangping,Qusheng,Yangpingshnag and Yangpingqu,the differentiation is more likely to appear because of the tone change of the preceding character.The distribution of differentiation on"Yinping+Yinping" and "Yangpingshang+Yangpingshang" more widely in Lubei area.In addition,the seven dialect points of Bincheng,Zouping,Zhanhua,Yangxin,Lijin,Leling,and Kenli which are located in the north of Lubei area have the highest degree of tone change.Zhangdian,Huantai and Gaoqing which are in the south and central area of Lubei area have the lowest degree of tone shift.Ⅳ.The tone sandhi of neutral disyllable words of dialects in north shandong.This chapter briefly describes and analyzes the tone sandhi of neutral disyllable words of the 19 dialects in northern Shandong,and summarizes the types of former and latter character’s tone sandhis of neutral disyllable word in northern Shandong.There are three types of the tone change of preceding character:cyclic type,partial cyclic type and non-cyclic type.The last word has three soft tone types:"pitch attenuation type","separation type" and "end-point extension type".In addition,we focused on the analysis of the tone sandhi of characters belonging to Qingru before the soft tone,combined with the situation of Qingru in the single-character tones,we believe that the Qingru emerging with Shangsheng should be the bottom layer of the dialect in Lubei area after the loss of independence of the Qingru.Qingru emerging with Yinping is a later phenomenon.And the current complicated appearance of Qingru is the result of the influence of these two forces.Ⅴ.Seminar:The rearch of class AB’s pitch.This chapter systematically summarizes the different types of mergence or not of class AB’s pitch in mono-syllable tone system and tone sandhi.We reconstruct the main path of class A and B’s mergence by considering class AB’s tone pitch,Rusheng,emphatic and difference between older and younger:Class A’s tone pitch which was originally 43 became higer to 53,then changed to 55 merging with class B.Because of the influence of Rusheng in several dialects in north Shandong,there is another path:Class B’s tone pitch which was originally 43 became lower to 53 merging with class A,then changed to 54,finally changed to 55 because Yangpingshang’s tone pitch was 55 in surrounding area. |
