A Study On Anti-Poverty Policies Of German Cities During The Period Of Industrialization(1830-1914)

With the advent of the Industrial revolution and the continuous development of urbanization,the rapid increase in the German urban population has led to a series of social problems,the most obvious of which is poverty.City managers have to adopt new urban management methods to solve these problems.Anti-poverty policies in German cities are representative.This article mainly explores the anti-poverty policies of German cities in this period from the background of the proposed anti-poverty policy,the development of anti-poverty policies,and the impact of anti-poverty policies.The first part analyzes the background of the anti-poverty policy of German cities in the19 th century.At the beginning of the Reformation,Germany ’s poverty-relief tradition,and traditional relief concepts guided by Christian thought,affected the understanding of poverty and the implementation of poverty-relief policies.The rapid development of German industrialization and urbanization also aggravated the problem of urban poverty and social exclusion.The gap between the rich and the poor is also widening.The social poverty situation in Germany has promoted the formulation and implementation of urban anti-poverty policies.The second part elaborates that the anti-poverty policy of German cities in the early days of industrialization(1830-1880)was a poverty relief system mainly relying on social relief.From the specific implementation of the poverty relief policy,the organization,the operation of the poverty relief system,and the extremely significant urban poverty relief system in Elberfeld,the German urban poverty relief system with compulsory,random,and educational characteristics was recognized.The third part discusses that because of the certain disadvantages of the urban poverty-relief system and the influence of social factors at that time,the German urban anti-poverty policy was adjusted to a preventive social insurance system from 1880-1914,and social relief played a supporting role.Specific analysis is made in terms of its implementation,the introduction of various insurance laws,their impact and characteristics.The fourth part reveals the profound impact of anti-poverty policies of German cities during the industrialization period.Not only directly promoted the steady and orderly development and rapid rise of German society,but also very inspiring to China’s social anti-poverty policy.The anti-poverty policy in German cities has undergone a transition from a social relief system that mainly relies on relief to a social insurance system in the preventive mode.The social relief system and social insurance system go hand in hand and have their special features.The study of German urban anti-poverty policy provides special reference for the improvement of China’s anti-poverty strategy.