| In the long-term development of all countries in the world,the difference between rich and poor in developed and developing countries is becoming increasingly significant,and the difference in economic growth has become the focus of economists.Traditional economic theory holds that factors such as total factor productivity and technological progress are the source of this difference.Although these theories give direct factors that affect economic growth,they cannot fundamentally explain why different countries have different attitudes towards innovation and capital accumulation.Some countries invest a lot of money in innovation to promote long-term economic development,while some countries do the opposite.The introduction of the concept of human capital has changed this dilemma It is found that the accumulation of human capital in history will affect the choice of development paths of different countriesAlthough human capital is regarded by economists as an important factor leading to differences in regional economic growth,there are discussions about how the accumulation of human capital in history explains this difference in economic growth.Some scholars use the foreign human capital brought to the Americas by the European colonists to explain the differences in the development paths of various countries in the Americas.The other scholars believe that the accumulation of local human capital is an important factor affecting the world’s major diversion.We hope to measure the impact of human capital on the current economic growth differences in a more comprehensive manner.We use natural experiments to select China as the research object,and look for the accumulation of human capital that causes the current economic growth differences from the civilization that has lasted more than 5,000 years in China.Source,try to analyze and discuss the relationship between human capital,innovation ability,business-friendly environment and economic growth.At the same time,we have once again confirmed that human capital in history may not have a direct impact on current economic growth,but it has led to differences in economic growth in different regions by affecting two factors:innovation ability and business environment.The conclusion is the same.That is to say,in the history of cities with relatively good development of keju and church’s schools,in the current development,they have strong innovation ability and better business environment,resulting in the city’s rapid economic growth and higher GDP.The study found that innovation capability and business environment,as two import.ant factors leading to China’s economic growth,are affected by the accumulation of human capital in history,which is also similar to the conclusions of existing literature studies.We use unique data on human capital in 120 different cities,using the number of Ming dynasties in Ming Dynasty and the number of Christian churches founded in 1901-1920 as instrumental variables,and we used 2SLS method to estimate human capital’s impact on China’s region by affecting innovation capacity and business environment.Based on the analysis of the differences in China’s actual economic growth,we attempts to use the initial human capital to explain the differences in economic growth in different cities in China,and explore the impact of the accumulation and spread of human capital in China and the West as the initial human capital on economic growth.We collect unique data on human capital in 120 different cities,and use the 2SLS method to estimate the impact of human capital on China’s regional economic growth level by affecting innovation capacity and business environment.The research in this article found that the imperial examination system was the main system for selecting officials in ancient China.Due to the existence of regional quota system and other characteristics,it affected the accumulation of local human capital in different regions.Christianity promotes the reading of the Bible as means to establish elementary and junior high schools,which objectively promotes the improvement of literacy rates in different regions.Although the sources of the two types of human capital are different,whether it is local human capital or foreign human capital will affect the accumulation of human capital in history,affect the current innovation capacity in different regions and the construction of a business environment,which will lead to differences in economic growth in different regions.From the empirical results,we use 2SLS to eliminate the endogenous effect.Research shows that for every 1%increase in innovation capability,the economic growth level increases by 0.14%,for every 1%increase in the business-friendly environment,the economic growth level increases by 6.21%.After controlling the influence of geography,dialects and other factors,the accumulation of human capital in history is still an important factor leading to the difference in real economic growth.We further adopt methods such as replacing the explained variables,excluding samples from municipalities,and increasing the impact of economic policies.At the same time,the research results are still stable. |
