Phonetic Contact Of Cantonese,Min,and Hakka Dialects Of Zhongshan

Language contact plays an important role in language development,and its analysis can help us clarify the context of language development.We need to think about this question:most of the previous studies on Chinese dialect contact were comparative studies of two dialects,but how to make studies on more types of dialect contact?In view of this question,we conducted a dialect survey in Zhongshan City.Zhongshan City,located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province,is an area where people speaking Cantonese,Min,and Hakka dialects are mixed.The dialect materials here are rich and complex,and the dialects are different from the pure Cantonese,Min,and Hakka dialects in other regions,so it is an excellent example for studying language contact.According to the special geographical and historical conditions of Zhongshan,we chose Shiqi dialect of Guxiangshan Island,Min dialect of Lanbian,and Hakka dialect of Baiqi as the study objects.On the basis of the existing historical documents,local chronicles and the research results of predecessors,we analyzed the phonetic systems of these three dialects through field surveys and making tonal patterns by phonetic experiments to show the phonetic features of these three dialects.Finally,we analyzed the phenomenon of dialect contact,and summarized some characteristics,hoping that these study results can be used as a supplementary material for Zhongshan dialects to provide some convenience for the studies on Chinese dialect contact in the future.The full text contains five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction.Firstly,it introduces the geographical and historical evolution,the population composition and immigration history of Zhongshan City,and briefly summarizing and categorizing the complex dialects brought about by immigration.Secondly,it summarizes the results of existing studies on Zhongshan dialects,leading to the significance of our study on this topic,and then introduces the study methods we used,and explains the survey sites,the conditions of speakers,and the symbols,punctuation,recording software,analysis software,etc.used in the text.The second chapter is about Zhongshan dialect phonetics.The consonants,vowels and tones of the three dialects of Shiqi dialect,Lambian Min dialect and Baiqi Hakka are described in detail,and the main phonetic features of each dialect are summarized.The phonetic features are compared with the ancient Chinese sounds,and some phonetic features are also compared with typical dialects such as Cantonese and Meizhou Hakka.The third chapter is about the phonetic system contact of the three dialects.It is divided into three sub-sections to analyze the phenomenon and causes of contact from the tones,initials and finals.The tonal patterns of the three dialects are calculated through phonetic experiments in the first section,proving that the three dialects have become a continuous area with 6 tonal patterns,and the tone categories and tonal patterns are convergent.The phonetic changes of the initial and final system of the three dialects due to contact are discussed in the 2nd and 3rd sections.The changes of initials are analyzed through the comparison of the three dialects and the different features of Cantonese,Min,and Hakka dialects;the changes of finals are expounded based on the existence of finals beginning with[y]and the increase of(?)phoneme.The fourth chapter is about the characteristics of phonetic contact in three dialects.The characteristics are expounded in two sections from the perspectives of spatial distribution and language composition.The section of spatial distribution mainly discusses the influence of geographical environment on the degree of contact and the diffusion mechanism of language characteristic wave lines.The second section first explains that dialect contact is divided into active and passive changes,and then analyzes the influence of the strength and weakness of language components on the degree of contact.The fifth chapter is the conclusion,briefly summarizing the logic ideas and main conclusions of the full text,and putting forward the shortcomings and ideas for follow-up supplementary studies.