A Typological Study Of Causal Complex Sentences In The Lahu Language Of Nanduo

As a hot research topic today,the study on linguistic typology seeks for common and individual characteristics of language.Guided by the related theories of typology,this paper conducted a comparative analysis of causal complex sentences in NaDuo Laxu Language,and discussed the characteristics of sente nce pattern,the means of associative marking,the characteristics of syllables,the patterns of positions,the versatility of associative marking,the grammaticali zation,the typological characteristics of sentence order,etc.,and the underlying incentives behind them were simply explained.This paper mainly discussed from the following four aspects:The causal complex sentence in Nanduo Laxu Language was defined,and the characteristics of the causal complex sentence patterns in Nanduo Laxu Language were observed from three aspects of linguistic form,content and prag matic value based on the theoretical framework of "small triangle".In terms of linguistic form,the presence and absence of marks,the relationship between the preceding and the following clauses,and the correlative marks of the causal complex sentences were described.In terms of content,the logical relation of the subclass complex sentence of some individual cause and effect class complex sentence implied was simply inferred.In terms of cognitive level,different subclass complex sentences have different cognition at the level of subjective speculation and objective reflection.In terms of pragmatic value,there are differences in the order of time,the color of personal emotion and the tone in the causal complex sentence.There are many factors in the differences of pragmatic values,the most important one is restricted by cognitive differences of human.In terms of the perspective of typology,it is found that there are mainly three coding methods for connective markers(affiliation): independent conjuncti ons,special verb forms and word order.connective markers of cause complex sentence in South Lahu Language was revealed to find that the connective markers of Nanduo Laxu Language are coded by independent conjunctions and word order,and there is no mark means of special verbs.According to this,it is inferred that in analytical language,independent conjunctions and word order are the primary markers.There are monosyllable,double syllable and polysyllable,of which monosyllable is used very frequently and polysyllable is used the least,but the number of connective markers exceeds the number of monosyll able and double syllable.In terms of the position pattern,there are pre-position,post-position and frame-type connective markers in the causal complex sentence of Nanduo Laxu Language,but the main post-position type is the main one,and it is found that this is the common characteristic of analytical language.Referring to the "Inverse Relation Hypothesis" proposed by Kortmann(1998),the relationship between the morphology,grammar and semantic versatility of connective markers of cause complex sentence in Nanduo Laxu Language was investigated.As one of the members of analytic language,the connective markers are syntactically versatile,consistent with this hypothesis.Monosyllable connective markers tend to have multiple syntactic functions,and double syllables have two to three functions,but such words are rare and multi-syllable association marks has almost no syntactic versatility.However,in semantic relations,analytic languages do not fit this hypothesis.There are only two functions in Laxu Language,and the rest are all connective markers to express semantic relationships on each.Inspired by this,this paper built a causal connective markers semantic map based on a small sample language of Tibeto-Burman Language.With the combination of semantic map and syntaxization,it was proposed that there are multiple grammaticalization paths for connective markers of caus al complex sentence.A simple analysis of the causes of multipath grammatical ization was pointed out,and the main factors leading to multipath grammatical ization are subject to the analytic nature of the language.From the perspective of word order typology,the harmony between conne ctive markers and basic word order and the harmony between connective markers and conjunctions word order was examined.The connective markers in Nanduo Laxu Laxuage are mainly located in the post-type,and there is harmony between the post-type connective markers and the OV word order.In addition,the connective markers and the conjunction order are also harmonious.Constr ained by the degree of analysis and the principle of connection terms,the basic word order of various clauses and complex clauses is highly harmonious.At the same time,it is also found that the analytical language has a relatively fixed word order and the inducement of fixed word order is mostly constrained by the principle of centering the linked items and analytical.