| The ambiguity of "need" and "want" is a common problem in modern society,the theory of need has been paid attention to and studied by many famous scholars.Among many schools of need theory,ecological Marxism needs theory occupies an important position.William Leiss is one of the representative figures of ecological Marxism,His book the limit of satisfaction makes an analysis of the alienation of needs and the phenomenon of consumption alienation in capitalist society.The first is to sort out how Leiss understands the nature of need;The second is to analyze the relationship between needs and satisfaction.The third is how Leiss can solve the need dilemma and find a way out of the ecological crisis.This article is based on Leiss’ s work,His theory of ecological Marxist needs is presented through historical analysis,literature interpretation and comparative analysis.This paper first summarizes Leiss’ s theory of need from the theoretical background,ideological origin and theoretical framework.His theory inherits the Marxist critical theory of alienated labor and advances the Marxist ecological criticism of capitalist society.At the same time,Leiss studied the theory of alienated consumption and the theory of need by Fromm and Marcuse.It concludes that "alienated consumption is one of the causes of ecological crisis".Leiss believes that the ecological crisis will be difficult to solve if individual needs and consumption concepts are not corrected.The thesis analyzes the connotation of Leiss’ need theory,Leiss analyzes the dilemma of need from three aspects: the individual,society and nature.Leiss believed that the need concept of modern western society would lead to the confusion of the infinite desire of individuals,the threat of social scarcity,and the irreversible damage to nature.Les discusses how modern western society creates and controls human needs,leading to people’s alienated consumption and thus causing ecological crisis.Leiss concluded that the real need for people did not come from consumer activities,but from creative labour.He points out that the alienation of the consumption caused by the false needs has caused a great burden on the environment,The first step in solving environmental problems should be to reconstruct the structure of human needs,Making people understand what they really need.Leiss hopes that people can get rid of the control of capitalist rulers and establish a correct view of needs and happiness.Finally,the thesis evaluates William rice’s theory of need.Including the analysis of his inheritance of Marx’s theory,his theoretical characteristics and his needs theory.His need theory inherits the Marxist theory of alienation labor criticism and promotes Marxist ecological criticism of capitalist society.His theory of needs is unique in that it hasdifferent entry points and different solutions than other theorists.His theory of needs can help people wake up from the dream of "false needs" and establish correct values,consumption and happiness.This paper mainly solves three problems.By analyzing the relationship of goods,needs and satisfaction,William Rice reveals the alienation of people,society and nature in modern western society.By reconstructing the theory of human needs,he puts forward the proposition that "human satisfaction should come from productive activities rather than consumption activities ",and puts forward the proposition that " easy to survive society ".The theoretical value of Leiss Need Theory lies in the enrichment and development of Marxist Need Theory,Its realistic value lies in opposing the materialistic concept of happiness and adhering to the concept of labor happiness. |
