On Freud’s Sense Of Guilt

The sense of guilt is a very important concept in Freud’s theory.It is involved in every field of Freud’s psychoanalysis,especially in personality theory.In this paper,through the method of search and analysis,the definition,essence,source of Freud ’s sense of guilt and its role and status in human groups,civilization and religion are clarified.Among them,Freud proposed that the establishment of super-ego comes from conscience,and his interpretation of conscience is that conscience comes from the fear of external authority,and its innate factor is the original Oedipus-complex.In this regard,this paper argues that it is not very clear how the external authority is transformed into the internal perfect super-ego,and how the Oedipus-complex is passed on to future generations.This paper holds that the innate nature of conscience originates from the inherent morality of human beings.It attempts to supplement the question of conscience with Kant’s moral theory,so as to be closer to the essence of the sense of guilt.On the origin of the sense of guilt,besides the external authority and internal authority,Oedipuscomplex is also an important origin of the sense of guilt.Oedipus-complex is not only the basis for the establishment of super-ego,but also the main basis for Freud’s religious hypothesis.Therefore,in the second section,this paper focuses on the origin and development of Oedipus-complex.In addition,this paper also adds a third source of the sense of guilt,that is,conscience from innate morality.This paper borrows Kant’s word "pure" and puts forward the concept of "pure super-ego".On the basis of Freud’s theory,this concept puts forward the idea that the super-ego is the ego ideal formed by the external authority through the moral judgment of conscience in the heart,so as to explain the completeness of the ego ideal.After clarifying the origin of the concept of the sense of guilt,Freud deeply analyzed the influence of the sense of guilt on religion and civilization.In the aspect of religion,the sense of guilt is the starting point of religion,and the purpose of religion is to reduce the sense of guilt and obtain happiness;and civilization also suppresses human’s instinct impulse through the sense of guilt to maintain the stability of civilization itself.