Research On The Methods Of Fiction In Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

This paper takes the methods of fiction in the late Qing dynasty and the early republic of China as the research object.The so-called“the methods of fiction”mainly refer to the theory that summarize and guide the methods of novel writing.This paper analyses two sources of theories,discusses the breakthrough in traditional novel concept and new changes in form,and combines with the Chinese education to analyze its institutional background,with purpose of making an objective evaluation of the significance of the methods of fiction and making a relationship between ancient and modern theories of fiction.To this purpose,this paper is divided into five chapters and attached appendix as a supplement.The first chapter introduces the theoretical source of the methods of fiction.Before the May 4th Movement,most of the methods of fiction were in the form of small talk,mainly absorbed traditional novel techniques.After the May 4th Movement,most of them were specialized works and papers,which integrated a lot of western novel theories and the author’s own writing experience,promoting modern transformation of theoretical form of fiction.The second chapter discusses the breakthrough of methods of fiction in the late Qing dynasty and the early republic of China.Compared with the traditional concept of novels,the methods of fiction in this time were more systematic in its components,more diversified in its types and attached more importance to the aesthetic characteristics of novels.The third chapter focus on the new changes of the methods of fiction in stylistic form.In terms of characters,the methods of fiction in the late Qing dynasty and the early republic of China paid more attention to individualized character aesthetics.In terms of environment,they thought environment is a combination of time and place,nature and society.In terms of plot,the methods of fiction were influenced by the western novels,highly advocating the organic structure.Finally,it breakthrough the single narrative perspective of traditional novels and emphasized the multiple changes of narrative perspectives.Chapter four analyzes the methods of detective fictions and short fictions.The characters,environment,structure and narrative perspective in the methods of fiction are analyzed from the common point of view,but in the fourth chapter,two types of novels——detective fictions and short fictions,which are more discussed,are analyzed from the perspective of individual cases.The fifth chapter discusses the relationship between the methods of fiction and Chinese education in the late Qing dynasty and the early republic of China.The development of the school system,reform of Chinese education and establishment of composition courses required corresponding teaching materials,but the lack of teaching materials was a big problem at that time.So the methods of fiction were developed to adapt to the new school system.The sixth chapter analyzes the significance of the methods of fiction.The emergence of the methods of fiction is of great value in the history of literature,theory and education.In the history of literature,it provides guidance and reference for the creation of novels,and plays a certain role in promoting the modernization and diversification of novels.In the history of theory,it marks the sublimation of Chinese novel theory,which promotes the modernization transformation of novel theory.In terms of the history of education,the methods of fiction play an important role in popularizing the novel creation methods at that time and giving the ordinary students and beginners an introduction to the novel.