The Semantic Function Contrastive Analysis Of Chinese "Subjective Wishes" Modal Words Based On The Corpus

Based on the existing research,this paper studies the differences and similarities of Chinese subjective wishes modal words on semantics,syntax,pragmatics,and external Chinese teaching with the foundation of the modal theory,semantic functional grammar,cognitive linguistics,and corpus linguistics to deepen our understanding for Chinese subjective wishes modality and provide a reference for Chinese dictionary explaining,external Chinese teaching and Chinese subjective wishes modality research.The study is with emphasis and comparative.Specially,the study objects are as follows: adverbs “Zhi De”,“Zhi Hao”and “Bu De Bu”which means compromise;adverbs “Suo Xing”and “Gan Cui”which means decisiveness;adverbs “Fei De”and “Si Huo”which means stubbornness.They all express the modality of choice of a person,or compromise,or decisive,or stubborn.Despite they are all subjective wishes adverbs,they have differences in the degree of willingness.They express the speaker’s opinion and ideas and are subjective.This thesis consists of five chapters.Chapter One: Introduction.This chapter involves the research significance,objects,theoretical basis,research methods,innovations and the source of the materials.In addition,the thesis review the current situation and cognition of the modality,modal adverbs research,subjective wishes modality and subjective wishes adverbs research at home and abroad,especially the study of modality and mood,and subjective wishes modality research in domestic.As a result,we find that the research of subjective wishes is not sufficient and the existing research of the type of subjective wishes adverbs is univocal.Some modal words were given attention to,but they weren’t viewed in the subjective wishes category.Chapter Two: Modal adverbs “Zhi de”“Zhi hao”and “Bu de bu”that means compromise.The chapter consists of two sections.In the first section,the paper make a comparison of typical member“Zhi de”and “Zhi hao”,which are used in the language environment of being forced to make a choice.On semantics,they differ in controllability,degree of euphemizin and semantic focus.The controllability involves being optional or interval,and the limitation is objective or subjective.On euphemizin,“Zhi hao”is more euphemistic than “Zhi de”.On pragmatics,they have different semantic focus.The semantic focus of the “Zhide”is the content that in the front,but the semantic focus of “Zhi hao” is the content that comes after “Zhi hao”.Besides,both the two can be used with Shuo,but “Zhi hao”used with Shuo also works as discourse markers.The second section to make a comparison of “Zhi de”and “Bu de bu”,which have similar meaning.In daily life,“Bu de bu”is used more frequently than “Zhi de” and the usage is more plentiful.Both the two can’t be replaced by each other on most conditions,but due to they have the same meaning of “only one choice”and“have to”they sometimes can be substituted by each other.On syntax,“Zhi de”could be put on the top of sentence to modify the whole sentence,while “Bu de bu”can’t;“Bu de bu”can modify VP to form the “Bu de bu VP”structure acting as the attribute of the sentence while “Zhide”can’t;sometimes the VP that comes behind “Bu de bu”could be omitted while “Zhide”can’t.On semantics,they have differences on controllability and the legitimacy of the choosing behavior.On the pragmatics,both of them can be used in being forced to make a choice,but “Bu de bu”can also be used in the language environment of speculation or certain feeling just appears out of control while “Zhide”can’t.Both of them brings the function of emphasis,but the mood of “Bu de bu”is more strong,and its usage is more plentiful.Chapter Three:Modal adverbs “Suo Xing”and “Gan cui”that means decisiveness.They are a special pair of Synonyms of subjective modal words.This chapter mainly compare the differences between “Suo Xing”and “Gan cui” on semantics and pragmatics.And make explanations for the partial mistakes made by foreign students to get new methods and strategies for improving external Chinese teaching.On semantics,both “Suo Xing”and “Gan cui”have the semantic feature of being decisive,imperative and supernormal in common where the mistakes made by foreign students appears.However,they differ in the attitude in dealing with the problem.The way that “Suo Xing”implies is negative while “Gan cui”is comparatively active.On pragmatics,“Suo Xing”and “Gan cui”can both match behavior events,but “Suo Xing”only matches behavior events and “Gan cui”also matches non-behavior events;within behavior events,“Gan cui”tend to match the speaking events while “Suo Xing”tend to match non-speaking events.On sentence structure,both of them are used in the result part or the problem-dealing result of the sentence,following the sentence of reason in front.They are closely linked with each other and play a key role of promoting the sentence of result.Chapter Four: Modal adverbs “Fei de”and “Si huo”that means stubbornness.Compared with“Si huo”,the semantic and usage of “Fei de”is more plentiful.On semantics,“Fei de”has three meanings and “Si huo”has two,of which there exists non-subjective wishes modality.On semantic function,“ Fei de ” could make commentary and annotation at the sentence level while “Si huo”can’t.Both of they could express negative subjective wishes,but the usage of “Fei de”is more plentiful.From the type of the modality,“Fei de”has the usage of deontic modality and dynamic modality while “Si huo”only has the usage of dynamic modality.On syntactic collication,they have differences in modifier and the semantic function of “Si huo / Fei de +X”structure.Chapter Five: Conclusion and Deficiencies.Summarize the whole text,and point the inadequacies of the article and the direction of research in the future.