| The parafovel preview benefits are the focus of some research in the reading field.Most of previous studies about this question were to investigate whether there were parafovel preview benefits or what type of preview benefits there were in the silent reading.But the role of parafovel preview benefits in oral reading and the extraction time of preview information during Chinese reading are not well understand yet.The present study used the boundary paradigm to explore the difference of parafovel preview benefits between silent and oral reading.The aim is to explore the influence of the previews of word N on silent and oral reading when word N-1 was fixated.In experiment 1,we manipulated the previews of word N(masking stimulus and target stimulus)and reading modes(silent reading and oral reading).The results show that parafoveal preview information plays a role in eye movement control during oral reading as well as during silent reading.However,the preview benefits in oral reading are smaller than that in silent reading.Specifically,the fixation duration in oral reading were significantly longer than silent reading.The fixation duration in masking stimulus conditions were significantly longer than target stimulus conditions.And in the two early eye movement indices of the first fixation duration and gaze duration were found that the interactions between reading mode and portent interaction conditions.To explore the influence of the time course of preview information extraction of word N on silent and oral reading while word N-1 was fixated in experiment 2,we manipulated parafoveal target delay(0ms,50 ms,100ms and 150ms)and reading modes(silent reading and oral reading).The results show that during silent reading,parafoveal information extraction may have started immediately on the onset of pretarget view,but parafoveal information extraction occurred at later point in time during oral reading.Further analysis found that during oral reading,there were no significant differences between first fixation duration and gaze duration in different target delay conditions.However,during silent reading,the first fixation duration and gaze duration were significantly longer in 50 ms delay condition than 0ms delay condition.The following main results are:(1)The results show that in the Chinese reading,not only in silent reading,oral reading can also extract preview information.That is to say,parafovel preview benefits also exists in oral reading.(2)However,the influence of parafoveal processing on silent and oral reading isdifferent.Specifically,first,the amount of preview information extraction between silent and oral reading is different.The data reveal that the parafoveal information effects in silent reading are stronger than that in oral reading.(3)Secondly,the time of preview information extraction between silent and oral reading is different.Parafoveal information extraction have not started immediately on the onset of pretarget view during oral reading,which is consistent with the theory of sequential attention shift.But there is not the same phonomenon in silent reading.(4)The influence of parafoveal preview information to foveal word has not been found.That is to say,the parafoveal-on-foveal effects has not been found in oral reading and silent reading. |
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