| Incense culture for ancestors is the unique part of Chinese farming civilization,it points to the small-scale peasant economy in terms of economy,points to the patriarchal system in terms of regime,points to centralization in terms of politics,points to ancestor worship in terms of faith,points to the Confucian etiquette moral principles in terms of moral ethics.Incense culture for ancestors includes conception of incense,incense memorial tablet,inter-space of incense and incense ceremony.Incense culture for ancestors exists throughout Chinese traditional culture,it has a long history and deep culture background,respected by government as well as folk acknowledgment,which means high academic research value.Incense culture has became all classes’ unshakable faith in life and fundamental motivation since Xia Dynasty,from which we can know its status among folk concepts.This research is intent on clean up the range of incense culture,analysis the formation process and the impacts of it,highlight incense culture for ancestors from the obscure social life.This research mainly focus on the special incense space in the hall,which means the sacred cultural space for incense memorial tablet in center home space.we have to declare that the special incense space not only indicates the limited physical space for burning incense,but also exists in society concepts of the Red Yao.As a matter of academic convenience,we define the space as "incense hall",according to the habit of the Red Yao naming the incense memorial tablet as "incense mirror".Pannei village,Sishui Township of Longsheng county,Guangxi province reserves traditional incense culture well as a result of remote location and traffic inconvenience,and adds the Red Yao folk-custom to it,which forms the special Red Yao incense hall culture.In the research,we get the basic knowledge of the existence and the progress of incense hall nowadays in the Red Yao village with the reference of local history,geography and cultural environment,observe the affection of the incense hall on social interaction and conception of life as a symbol of traditional culture.While describe the spatial construction logic of incense hall culture in minority area,retrospect the progress of incense culture for ancestors,as well as the progress of local minority acceptation of Literati Confucianism civilization,provide history background and culture basis for contemporary development of incense culture for ancestors,in order to give an overview of incense culture for ancestors between history and current situation;official approval and folk adoption;Literati Confucianism ambition and local reality,based on which we analysis the develop tendency of incense culture for ancestors.Preliminarily,we got the following conclusion through the study:Though ancestor worship went on throughout Chinese history,ancestral temple generally appeared only after Song Dynasty,then reached summit in the years of Jiajin during Ming Dynasty.While the development of incense memorial tablet appeared even later.It became popular among folk class and related with ancestor worship in the last period of Ming dynasty and then reached the royal court during Qing dynasty,accepted and promoted by Yongzheng Emperor for ruling purpose.Literati indoctrinate south minorities with the Confucian etiquette,which promoted folk class family clan building as an objective result.As a response,local minority absorb and transform Confucianism in agreement with local ethnic features,and seen incense culture for ancestors as civilized category.The Red Yao adopted incense culture for ancestors and feng shui concepts from Orthodox cultural conception,and use them subtly to build up community operation mechanism with local characteristics.With the conception of family clan,consanguinity and geographical relationship has a resources integration,with the conception of Avunculate,the labor from marriage relationship has been included to enlarge the collective power in facing difficulties,and reach the goal of production.Incense culture for ancestors and feng shui concepts supplement each other to express Chinese traditional philosophy of unity of heaven and man.Through evaluate the timing and orientation of building incense hall cautiously,people construct house to enhance teamwork and settle people’s emotion as main appeal.The reasonable consideration and initiative apply of environmental resource as well as cultural resource,provides good condition of brilliant feng shui and exuberant family.Incense culture for ancestors in the Red Yao village came from governor promotion and Scholar-official education,the long process of reception and the fact of traditional culture remaining indicated that the progression of folk custom acquisition really need a period of time,while it has been adopted,it would be not easy to get abandoned.Incense culture for ancestors is an inevitable product of agriculture production,patriarchal clan system and cathaysian national spirit,function as sustaining government ruling,stabilizing society,aggregating group,cultivating moral,providing belief,and so on.But the modern society with features like industrialization,mechanization and information technology,is no longer suitable as the foundation of incense culture,yet we have not find a proper alternative option.So the recent situation of incense culture for ancestors fell behind the productive relations,but still hold the line with people’s cultural identity.Time is the only element which could wear it down.The innovation of the study is,observing agricultural civilization background with Folklore methods and Anthropology methods,comprehending the formation,construct principle and developing tendency of incense hall culture from a macroscopic view of historical context,discussing the relationship between incense culture for ancestors and feng shui concepts,and incense culture for ancestors’ reflection of Chinese traditional Philosophy "unity of heaven and man " as an organic integrity element of traditional agriculture civilization. |
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