Study On The Clinical Features And Risk Factors Of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Anemia

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease complicated with anemia and explore its risk factors.Methods:Patients diagnosed with IBD in China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from January 1,2011 to December 31,2021 were collected and their clinical data were extracted.According to the IBD classification standard,IBD was divided into ulcerative colitis group and Crohn’s disease group.According to the hemoglobin of the patients,UC was divided into UC with anemia group and UC without anemia group.CD was divided into CD with anemia group and CD without anemia group.Measurement data were compared between groups using independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test,and Chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank test was used to analyze classified data.The differences of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared,and then binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related risk factors of UC with anemia and CD with anemia.Result:（1）Of the 445 patients,there were 387 patients with UC and 58 patients with CD.There were 132 cases of UC complicated with anemia,accounting for 34.11%of the total number of UC patients.There were 29 patients with anemia in CD,accounting for 50.00%of the total number of CD patients.（2）（1）Compared with the general clinical characteristics of the patients in the UC anemia group and the patients without UC anemia group,the UC anemia group had younger hospitalization age[40（29-52.75）years vs 48（36-57）years,P<0.001],more females[77（58.3%）vs113（44.3%）,P=0.009],lower body mass index[（20.51±3.24）kg/m~2vs（22.11±3.38）kg/m~2,P<0.001],and less smoking history[21（15.9%）vs 67（26.3%）,P=0.021],with statistical differences between the two groups。Anemia associated with UC is related to age of diagnosis（P<0.001）,disease site（P<0.001）and disease activity（P<0.001）.The C reactive protein[39.92（7.71-90.00）mg/L vs4.59（1.88-16.00）mg/L,P<0.001]and erythrocyte sedimentation rate[46（27-62）mm/h vs14（8-28）mm/h,P<0.001]were higher and albumin was lower[31.40（27.01-35.56）g/L vs 39.65（37.04-43.10）g/L,P<0.001]in UC anemia group.（2）Compared with the general clinical characteristics of patients without anemia in CD group,the course of disease in CD with anemia group was shorter[6（1.5-31.0）months vs 24（6.5-66.0）months,P=0.035],CRP was higher[44.81（16.31-85.15）mg/L vs 6.49（0.62-21.64）mg/L,P<0.001],ESR was higher[46（30-57）mm/h vs20（10-28）mm/h,P<0.001]and ALB was lower[31.00（27.88-34.48）g/L vs37.88（34.26-41.45）g/L,P<0.001].There was statistical difference between the two groups.Anemia in CD is related to disease activity（P=0.015）.（3）Through logistic regression analysis,（1）Female（OR=2.205,95%CI=1.094—4.443）,increased ESR（OR=1.037,95%CI=1.019—1.055）and decreased ALB（OR=0.777,95%CI=0.719—0.839）were independent risk factors for anemia in patients with UC.（2）The increase of ESR index（OR=1.029,95%CI=1.001—1.057）and the decrease of ALB index（OR=0.841,95%CI=0.751—0.942）are the independent risk factors of anemia in patients with CD.Conclusion:1.The prevalence of anemia in UC patients was 34.11%,The prevalence of anemia in CD patients was 50.00%.2.Female sex and ESR are risk factors for anemia in UC patients,while ALB is a protective factor.ESR is a risk factor for anemia in CD patients,while ALB is a protective factor.3.Patients with UC and CD with anemia were mainly mild anemia.