| Objective:The characteristics of macular vitreoretinal interface（VRI）in patients with high myopia were observed by enhanced vitreous imaging optical coherence tomography（EVI-OCT）,and the morphological features of anterior vitreous pockets（PPVP）and posterior vitreous detachment（PVD）were analyzed.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 patients（116 eyes）with high myopia who were treated in the ophthalmology clinic of the second Hospital of Jilin University from November 2020 to December 2021.68 emmetropia volunteers（81 eyes）who underwent physical examination at the same time were selected as normal control group.All patients received general ophthalmological examination,best corrected visual acuity examination（best-correctedvisualacuity,BCVA）,diopter measurement,fundus photography and EVI-OCT scan,and recorded age,sex and ophthalmic history.The fundus EVI-OCT images of all the high myopia eyes and the normal control group were analyzed.SPSS26.0 statistical analysis software was used for data analysis.Results:1.There was no significant difference between high myopia group（116 eyes）and normal control group（81 eyes）（P>0.05）.There were significant differences in age and diopter between the two groups（P<0.05）.2.PPVP was observed in 62 eyes of high myopia,and the connection between PPVP and Martegiani was observed in 31 eyes（50.0%）.Of the 81 normal eyes,54 eyes had PPVP,of which 28 eyes（51.9%）could observe the connection between PPVP and Martegiani in the scan line plane.3.The average retinal thickness of macular fovea in high myopia with PPVP group was 251.06±15.67 μ m,and that in normal control group with PPVP was 244.81±18.87 μ m.In high myopia eyes,the macular foveal retinal thickness in eyes with PPVP was significantly lower than that in eyes without PPVP（t=-2.84,P=0.006）,lower diopter（P=0.030）and younger age（P<0.001）.4.The average width of PPVP and the average height of PPVP in high myopia PPVP group were 6498.71±864.93 μ m and 642.47±209.87 μ m,respectively.The average width and height of PPVP in normal control PPVP group were 6810.1 ±690.10 μ m and 479.85 ±190.98 μ m,respectively.The height of PPVP in the high myopia group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group（P<0.001）,and younger（P<0.001）.In both groups,the visual acuity of patients without PPVP was significantly worse than that of patients with PPVP（P<0.001,P=0.020）.There was no significant difference in gender between the two groups with PPVP（P>0.05）The average height of PPVP in high myopia PPVP group increased with the increase of myopic ametropia.（r=0.27,P=0.030）,but had no statistical significance with age（r=0.078,P=0.546>0.05）.The average width was not correlated with diopter（r=-0.08,P=0.530）,but positively correlated with age（r=0.427,P<0.001）.5.The incidence of retinoschisis and epiretinal membrane（ERM）in high myopia without PPVP was significantly higher than that in normal control without PPVP（P<0.05）.The incidence of omental cleavage and ERM in high myopia with PPVP was significantly lower than that in high myopia without PPVP（P<0.05）.The incidence of retinoschisis and epiretinal membrane（ERM）in high myopia PVD group was significantly higher than that in emmetropia PVD group（P<0.05）.There was no significant difference in the incidence of macular hole among these groups（P>0.05）.6.There was no significant difference in the occurrence of PVD between high myopia group and normal control group（P>0.05）.7.The incidence of PVD in high myopia and normal control group was significantly different with age（P<0.05）,and the average staging of PVD was positively correlated with age（r=0.63,P<0.05;r=0.4,P=0.030）.The ages of some PVD and complete PVD patients in the high myopia group were 31.65±12.54 and 51.46±13.25 years old respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the normal control group（46.60±12.85years old and 58.74±11.79years old）（P<0.001）In the groups of 30-39 years old and 50 years old and above,The incidence of PVD in high myopia group was more serious than that in control group（P=0.027,P<0.001）,but there was no statistical significance in other groups.8.The incidence of PVD in all patients with high myopia was positively correlated with the stage and the increase of myopia（r=0.25,P<0.001;P=0.002）.In all patients with high myopia,the retinal thickness was greater than 200 μ m with or without PVD.The thickness of fovea retina in high myopia with PVD group was significantly higher than that in normal control group with PVD（P<0.05）.There was a positive correlation between PVD stage and mean foveal thickness（r=0.21,P=0.020）.9.With or without PVD,the height of PPVP in high myopia was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）.In high myopia group,the height of PPVP with PVD was significantly lower than that of PPVP without PVD（0.010）.In high myopia group and normal control group,the incidence of incomplete PVD in the group with PPVP was significantly higher than that in the group without PPVP（P<0.001）,and the incidence of complete PVD in the group without PPVP was significantly lower than that in the group without PPVP（P<0.001,P<0.001）.In the high myopia group and the normal control group,the occurrence of complete PVD was not observed in the PPVP group,and the occurrence of complete PVD was observed in the non-PPVP group.Conclusions:1.PPVP is not an isolated cavity.The existence of PPVP may play a role in the occurrence and development of PVD.2.Compared with normal controls,patients with high myopia had higher PPVP height and younger age.3.The width of PPVP was positively correlated with age,and the height of PPVP was positively correlated with diopter in high myopia.4.The patients with high myopia with PPVP had thinner foveal retina,better visual acuity,lower diopter,younger age,and lower incidence of retinoschisis and ERM.5.The age of PVD in high myopia was earlier than that in emmetropia,and the average staging of PVD was positively correlated with age and diopter.The thickness of fovea retina was positively correlated with the degree of PVD staging. |
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