Observation And Investigation On Postoperative Adverse Reactions And Complications Of Foam Sclerotherapy In Treatment Of Varicose Veins Of Lower Limbs

Varicose veins of lower limbs are the most common peripheral vascular diseases,with a prevalence rate as high as 10 % ～ 20 %.The diseased superficial veins present with: elongation,dilation,and meandering flexion.Patients with affected limbs often feel acid,heaviness,pain and fatigue.The early symptoms of varicose veins of lower limbs are not obvious.In addition,patients’ lack of knowledge about the disease is easy to delay treatment,which leads to the further development of the disease and the formation of ulcers,and even causes thromboembolic disease.Foam sclerotherapy is a method recommended by several guidelines for the treatment of varicose veins in the lower limbs,which is famous for convenient operation,obvious therapeutic effect and well tolerated by patients.In recent years,it has been gradually popularized and applied in clinical practice.However,at the same time,foam sclerotherapy can also brings adverse reactions and complications such as pigmentation,subcutaneous induration,thromboembolic disease and so on,which will threaten the life safety of patients in severe cases.Although there are a lot of research on the efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy,there is still need large-sample and long-term follow-up studies on postoperative adverse reactions and complications.Objective: To investigate the disease cognition of patients with varicose veins of lower limbs and evaluate their current situation of quality of life,analyze the influencing factors of quality of life,observe and record occurrence of adverse reactions and complications after treatment,and explore effective solutions,so as to provide reference for improving the treatment effect of foam sclerotherapy and perfect patients’ treatment experience.Methods: Patients with varicose veins of lower limbs who were treated in a level A tertiary hospital in Chongqing from July 2019 to September 2020 were selected,self-designed questionnaire,CIVIQ-20 quality of life score,and VAS pain score were used,combined with the telephone outpatient follow-up,We Chat applet tracking,etc.,investigate the disease cognition and behavior,health education needs and quality of life of patients with varicose veins of lower limbs,as well as the occurrence of adverse reactions and complications after foam sclerotherapy treatment.Results: 1.Among the 513 patients with varicose veins of lower limbs,47.95%were completely ignorant of disease-related knowledge,and only1.75 % were fully aware.The top 3 demands of patients for disease knowledge are: treatment(58.48 %),health care and rehabilitation(52.44 %),prevention(42.88 %).The cognitive level of patients with different ages,places of residence and educational level has statistical differences(P<0.05).36.84%patients had received treatment for varicose veins of lower limbs,and 63.16 % had never received treatment.“Don’t know what the graduated elastic compression stockings is” is the main reason of patients do not wear graduated elastic compression stockings.2.The score of quality of life of patients with varicose veins of lower limbs was(83.47±16.58).59.21%(299/505)of patients with varicose veins of lower limbs had a good grade,30.10%(152/505)had a moderate grade,and 10.69%(54/505)had a poor grade.Gender,residence,monthly income and CEAP grade were the main influencing factors of the quality of life of patients with varicose veins of lower limbs,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.435 patients were treated with foam sclerotherapy for one month,wherein 224 cases of pigmentation(51.49%),192 cases of pain(41.14%),73 cases of subcutaneous induration(16.78 %),34 cases of swelling(7.82%)and 27 cases of superficial thrombophlebitis(STP)(6.21%).As time goes by,the adverse reactions gradually reduced or disappeared(Follow-up was conducted at 1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months).Patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities treated with different dosages and concentrations of foam sclerotherapy have statistical differences in the formation of pigmentation(P<0.05).patients who wear graduated elastic compression stockings for different periods of time have statistically different in the formation of subcutaneous induration(P <0.05).Conclusion: Patients with varicose veins of lower limbs generally lack disease-related knowledge,have a weak awareness of medical treatment,and strong demand for health education.Medical staff need to hold more health education activities to the public.Patients with varicose veins of lower limbs had a moderate quality of life,health guidance should be strengthened for women,rural residents,low-income people and patients with severe varicose veins of lower limbs.Social support should be given to patients with varicose veins of lower limbs to improve their quality of life.Pigmentation,pain,and subcutaneous induration are the most common postoperative adverse reaction of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment.It is suggested that medical staff should strengthen the follow-up after foam sclerotherapy,improve patient experience,focus on adverse reactions after treatment,explore improvement measures,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and complications.Foam sclerotherapy injection is a simple,safe and effective treatment method for varicose veins of lower limbs without serious complications.