The Influence Of Sad Music On Attentional Bias Of Subthreshold Depressed College Students

In the context of the rapid development of modern society,the social competition is intensified,the job shortage,all groups are more or less under psychological pressure,the survey shows that the incidence of depression is increasing year by year,which has become a huge public health problem in China.Although relevant studies at home and abroad have proved that depression can be alleviated by treatment,many people have not reached the clinical diagnosis symptoms of depression and are in subthreshold depression,that is,a state of depression tendency,which has not attracted attention,thus missing the earliest time for detection and treatment.Negative attentional bias and the tendency to produce negative emotions are both negative states,which need timely attention and improvement.Subthreshold depression,also known as subsyndesmic depression,subclinical depression and mild depression,refers to a state or a class of individuals who have certain depressive symptoms but do not meet the diagnostic criteria of major depressive disorder.Although subthreshold depression does not meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder,it,like major depressive disorder,has a serious impact on the individual’s life and psychosocial function,and has a higher incidence than major depressive disorder.Subliminal depression is considered to be the prodrome of major depressive disorder,which increases the risk of developing major depressive disorder or other adverse outcomes.Music can induce people’s emotions and has certain effects on improving autism and depression.However,research on attentional bias of people with subthreshold depression under the influence of music is still immature.Subthreshold depression stage is the key stage for individuals to develop major depressive disorder.The research on the cognitive processing characteristics and neural mechanisms of subthreshold depression will help to better infer and understand the pathogenesis of depression.Previous studies have only explored the cognitive processing characteristics of subthreshold depression from the perspective of behavioral response(Gotlib et al.,1988),Some studies have also explored the cognitive neural mechanism of attentional bias processing in depressed individuals.However,there are few studies on the processing characteristics of negative stimulus bias in subthreshold depressed individuals,especially the understanding of the processing characteristics of attentional bias.The research and exploration in this area will provide theoretical basis for the early intervention treatment of subthreshold depressed individuals and depressive-prone individuals,as well as the rehabilitation treatment of depression disorder.Some studies have proved that sad music is pleasant in the aesthetic context,and some people like to listen to sad music.Then,can sad music also have an impact on subthreshold depressed college students?In this paper,sad music is used as stimulus material to design an experiment to explore whether sad music can influence attentional bias of subthreshold depressed individuals by observing the changes of brain component amplitude.With the development of science and technology,more and more experiments begin to use ERP technology to discuss and analyze,so this study also used ERP experiment to record and analyze the experimental data,so as to more intuitively observe whether the negative attentional bias of subthreshold depressed individuals has been improved.From what has been discussed above,this study use E-Prime event related potential technical implementation of two formal experiment,that is,a behavior experiment,an experiment ERP in subthreshold depression college students pay attention to the research on the effects of bias,investigate whether the listener after finish listen to music can produce attention bias for emotional faces,with ERP technique to analyze the notice the behavior reaction of face images and the brain activity.In the preliminary experiment,120 emotional faces(Wang Yue,Luo Yuejia,2005)produced by the Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences were selected based on previous studies and summarized experience.The stimulus pictures were9x10 cm in size,and 54 happy faces,sad faces and neutral faces were selected.Emotional faces were selected in order of arousal score,and 120 emotional faces were selected as the formal experiment according to the results of rating.Secondly,two types of sad music,sad vocal music and sad instrumental music,were screened and intercepted.After passing the evaluation,a total of 54 pieces of music materials were used for formal experiments.Finally,through questionnaires and interviews,a total of37 participants in the behavioral experiment and EEG experiment were identified,among which 17 were in the subthreshold depression group and 20 were in the normal group.Experiment 1 using E-prime program to emotional pictures as emotions induced material,sad music clips as stimulus material,on the basis of the point detection paradigm paradigm,based on the paradigm on the added music type variable,to explore the music of sadness in subthreshold depression subjects pay attention to the influence of the bias,focus on subthreshold depression group and normal subjects were test for different emotional faces the length of the reaction and detection accuracy of keystrokes,examine whether the sad music really affect participants attention bias,different types of sad music for the reaction time and accuracy of point detection task is fast or slow,which is tall what is low.The second experiment use of E-Prime,ERP technology,one on the basis of the experiment,study the effects of sad music was the brain mechanism of pilot detection task,record and analyze the possible fluctuation of P100 composition,composition of P300,N170 component,N400 composition and LPC amplitude,explore the sad music emotional impact on whether the attention of the participants and the how the brain changes,record the event related potential(ERP),to observe the P300 amplitude of individual subthreshold depression is the same as the normal control group or tend to be the same.This study investigated whether subthreshold depressed individuals could improve their attentional bias through sad music,and explored which factors in sad music material had an impact on attentional bias.The results are as follows:First,through the data collection and analysis of Experiment 1,it was found that the main effect of music type was statistically significant.Whether in the normal group or the subthreshold depression group,the average reaction time of the participants when playing music type was longer than that when playing vocal music type.In the experiment,no significant attentional bias for negative stimuli was found in the subthreshold depression group.Compared with vocal music,sad instrumental music makes the listener immersed in the emotion of the music,so it affects the later point detection task,making the response time of the point detection task longer.Second,in terms of the interaction between music type and point detection task type,when the position of point detection was consistent with the position of emotional face,there was no statistical significance between different music types.When the position of point detection was not consistent with the position of emotional face,there was statistical significance between different music types,and instrumental music type response time was significantly smaller than vocal music type response time.Finally,by analyzing the EEG components that may fluctuate in the ERP technique experiment,it was found that the amplitude of N170 components related to emotional face,P100 and P300 components related to attention was the same in the subthreshold depression group as that in the normal group.In summary,this study explored the effect of sad music on attentional bias of subthreshold depressed college students through a behavioral experiment and an EEG experiment.Experiments have proved that music has a certain influence on attentional bias.This finding proves that music can indeed change people’s emotions and influence people’s attention to a certain extent.The discovery,on the one hand,to sad music can induce people’s complex emotions are added,and the classical paradigm point detection paradigm in psychological science variables added new music,music psychology of past the interdisciplinary study of new exploration,for subsequent about music and psychological interdisciplinary study provides a new train of thought,about the impact of sad music for attention to brain mechanism research,also need in this aspect to consider in the future.