Study On The Correlation And Intervention Of Vitamin A Level And Anemia In Premature Infants

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of anemia in premature infants and the correlation between vitamin A level and anemia in premature infants and intervention of anemia in premature infants with vitamin A combined with iron to provide clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of anemia in premature infants.Methods:1.A total of 322 premature infants hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University between January 1,2020 and December 31,2020,divided into anemia group(191 cases)and non-anemia group(131 cases),were included in this study.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of anemia in preterm infants,and to explore the correlation between vitamin A level and anemia in preterm infants.2.110 cases of premature infants with mild anemia were divided into observation group(55 cases)and control group(55 cases).The observation group was given vitamin A combined with iron,and the control group was given iron.After 1 month of treatment,the two groups were compared with hemoglobin(Hb),red blood cell(RBC),hematocrit(HCT),the dynamic changes of vitamin A level,and the therapeutic effect of anemia in preterm infants before and after treatment.Results:1.In this study,322 premature infants were included.There were 154(47.8%)male infants and 168(52.2%)female infants;There were 223 cases of cesarean section(69.3%)and 99 cases of spontaneous delivery(30.7%);253 cases(78.6%)were singletons and 69 cases(21.4%)were twins;The average gestational age at birth was(34.40±2.20 w);The average birth weight was(2218±589 g).Among the 322 cases,there were 191 cases in the anemia group and 131 cases in the non-anemia group.Premature infants with anemia accounted for 59.3% of the overall study cohort.The average gestational age and birth weight of preterm infants in the anemia group were lower than those in the non-anemia group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the anemia group was higher than that in the non-anemia group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of asphyxia in the anemia group was higher than that in the non-anemia group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The length of stay,fasting time,duration of jaundice,intravenous blood collection and blood collection times in the anemia group were higher than those in the non-anemia group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The Hb on day 1 and day 7 of the anemia group was lower than that of the non-anemia group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The vitamin A concentration of the anemia group was lower than that of the non-anemia group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Further multivariate logistic regression analysis found that pregnant women have anemia,the longer the duration of jaundice,the more venous blood collection,the longer the hospital stay,the lower the birth weight,and premature infants are more likely to have anemia.2.Among the 322 preterm infants,1 case(0.31%)had normal vitamin A concentration,41 cases(12.73%)of suspected VAD,and 280 cases(86.96%)of VAD,suggesting that vitamin A deficiency is common in preterm infants.The detection rate of VAD in the anemia group was 90.1%,which was higher than that in the non-anemia group(82.4%).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that vitamin A level was correlated with anemia(r=-0.278 P<0.05),and vitamin A level was weakly correlated with Hb on day 7(r=0.211 P<0.05).3.The Hb,RBC,and HCT of premature infants after birth showed a decreasing trend according to the time of blood collection.After 1 month of treatment in the observation group and the control group,although the anemia indicators Hb,RBC,and HCT of the two groups were lower than before treatment,the reduction in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the concentration of vitamin A in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After 1month of treatment for the two groups,the effective treatment rate of the observation group was 83.64%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(60.00%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.Pregnant women have anemia,the longer the duration of jaundice,the more venous blood collection,the longer the hospital stay,the lower the birth weight,and premature infants are more likely to have anemia.2.Vitamin A deficiency is common in premature infants.Vitamin A level is related to anemia in premature infants.Premature infants are more prone to anemia when vitamin A is deficient.3.On the basis of conventional treatment,oral vitamin A can improve the effect of iron in the treatment of anemia in premature infants.