Study On Health Inequality And Decomposition Of Urban And Rural Residents In China

Background:Health is the basis for human survival and development,and an important indicator for evaluating a country’s social and economic development.Health is of great value and significance to human society.Governments of various countries are paying more and more attention to health,and health equality is an important goal in the field of health.Since the reform and opening up,my country’s social economy has achieved world-renowned achievements.The income level of urban and rural residents has increased substantially,and the average life expectancy is also increasing.However,my,country has obvious problems of inequality in health between urban and rural residents.Objective:In the context of Healthy China,we draw lessons from Grossman’s theory of health needs,social causal health choices and other theories to analyze the factors that affect the health of urban and rural residents.Put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions on the different factors that cause inequality in the health of urban and rural residents,with a view to reducing the health gap between urban and rural residents and making suggestions for the promotion of "Healthy China 2030".Methods:This study analyzes the health status of urban and rural residents in my country based on the 2018 China Family Dynamics Tracking Survey(CFPS)data,and explores the factors affecting the health of urban and rural residents from the four dimensions of demographic characteristics,socioeconomics,medical security and medical services,and lifestyles.The Sharpley value decomposition method decomposes it to determine the degree of contribution of each influencing factor to the health inequality of urban residents and rural residents.In addition,the Fairlie decomposition method is used to analyze the differences in health between urban and rural residents.Results:The concentration index of urban residents’ self-rated health was 0.0251,and the concentration index of rural residents’ self-rated health was 0.0358.Both urban and rural residents have health inequality problems for the wealthy,and rural residents’health inequality is higher than that of urban residents.Gender,age,marital status,education level,family income per capita,medical insurance,medical level,and exercise are factors that affect the health of urban residents.Gender,age,marital status,education level,family per capita annual income,medical level,and exercise are factors that affect the health of rural residents.The top five main factors that cause health inequality between urban and rural residents are age,education level,medical level,marital status,and family income per capita.The difference in health between urban and rural residents is mainly caused by the individual endowment of residents(that is,the explanatory part).Education level,age,family income per capita,medical level,exercise,gender,and marital status have an impact on the difference in health between urban and rural residents.Among them,socioeconomic factors are the main factors that cause the difference in health between urban and rural residents.Education level and family income contribute to 54.39%and 16.71%of the difference in health between urban and rural residents.Conclusions:In exploring the factors that affect the health inequality of urban residents and rural residents,and the health differences between urban and rural residents,we can find age in the demographic dimension,education level in the socioeconomic dimension,and per capita income of the family,medical security and medical level.Exercise is the main influencing factor in the medical level and lifestyle dimensions.Based on this,specific policy recommendations are put forward to alleviate the health inequality of urban and rural residents and reduce the health gap.The government should increase investment in education resources to promote health equality between urban and rural areas;establish an income distribution system to reduce the health gap between urban and rural areas;rationally allocate health resources to reduce the health gap between urban and rural areas;improve residents’ health awareness and develop a healthy lifestyle;increase community support.Improve the health protection of the elderly.