Research Of Alveolar Bone Morphology Of Patients With Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis Through Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Background and ObjectiveHereditary gingival fibromatosis(HGF)is a rare genetic disease characterized by extensive and progressive enlargement of the gingival tissue.It can affect the free gingiva,attached gingiva and gingival papilla of the whole mouth,and the range does not exceed the mucogingival joint.The enlarged gingiva is of normal color,firm consistency,obvious stippling and nonhemorragic.Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is usually identified as an autosomal-dominant condition.HGF patients have familial aggregation,occasional sporadic cases had been reported.The incidence rate in other countries is 1/175,000,but there is no exact data in China.The treatment of HGF is mainly to remove the hyperplasitic gingiva through gingivoplasty,in order to restore the physiological function and appearance of the gingiva.At present,HGF-related research mainly focuses on clinical manifestation,treatment,histopathology,gene mutation,molecular mechanism and so on.Clinical X-ray of HGF patients are mostly two-dimensional images such as panoramic radiographs or periapical films,and there are few reports on the three-dimensional structure of HGF alveolar bone morphology.In the treatment of gingivoplasty in patients affected HGF,scholars mostly advocate restoring the physiological shape of the gingiva,but do not mention the treatment of alveolar bone.In the early stage,when our research team performed gingivalectomy on the HGF patients from the pedigree we collected,we found that the whole alveolar bone of HGF patients was unevenly thickened.To further analysis the morphology of alveolar bone of patients with HGF,this study measured the thickness and height of the alveolar bone at different points of the anterior and molar teeth in the whole alveolar bone of non-syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis patients by cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),to explore the morphological characteristics of alveolar bone in patients with HGF,in order to provide new theoretical basis and research ideas for the treatment of HGF.MethodsHGF patients and healthy controls who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Henan Province Stomatological Hospital were selected.All patients accepted oral and general health examinations,and were taken pictures of the mouth and face.CBCT was used to measure the height and thickness of the alveolar bone at 4mm,6mm,8mm,from enamel-cemental junction(CEJ)and the apex including anterior teeth(central incisors,lateral incisors,and canines)and molar teeth(the first molars and the second molars)of the whole alveolar bone.Statistical data were analyzed by SPSS21.0.Results1.The thickness of the alveolar bone at the maxillary labial(buccal)side of the HGF patients in this pedigree,except for the apex,was higher than that of the healthy controls,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The palatal alveolar bone in the maxillary molar teeth of HGF patients,except for 4mm apical from the CEJ,the thickness of the alveolar bone at other sites was significantly different from that of healthy controls(P<0.05);The thickness of the alveolar bone at the labial side of the mandibular anterior teeth of HGF patients was significantly greater than that of healthy controls(P<0.05);The total thickness of alveolar bone in the molar teeth of HGF patients was larger than that of healthy controls,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.There was no significant difference in alveolar bone height between HGF patients in this pedigree and healthy controls(P>0.05).ConclusionsThere was difference in alveolar bone thickness between HGF patients in this pedigree and healthy controls,alveolar bone of HGF patients has a certain degree of hyperplasia.