Association Between Food Diversity During The First Year Of Life And Allergic Diseases Until 2 Years Old

Objective: To explore the prevalence of infant allergy in Wuhan and the relationship between food diversity during the first year of life and the risk of allergic diseases in infants such as eczema and asthma.Methods: This study adopted the prospective Cohort study,and selected pregnant women with delivery date from January 2015 to December 2016 on the basis of Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort(TMCHC).The infants were followed up with Maternal and Child Health questionnaires at birth,3 months,6 months,1 year and 2 years.According to the food diversity during the first year of life,the infants were divided into 0 to 5 kinds,6 kinds,7 kinds and more.Logistic regression model was used to calculate Odds ratio(OR)and 95% Confidence interval(CI)to analyze the association between food diversity during the first year of life and the risk of allergic diseases such as eczema and asthma before 2 years old.Results: The mean gestational week of 2692 participants was(39.6±1.4),59.8% of infants were delivered naturally,42% were delivered by cesarean section,the male and female ration of infants was 53.9% and 46.1%,respectively.The incidence of allergic diseases was 5.59%(including 0.86% of eczema,0.30% of asthma and 4.99% of other allergic diseases),and the incidence of allergic reactions was 6.06%.Food diversity during the first year was negatively associated with the risk of asthma and other allergic diseases,when analyzed as a continuous variable,the adjusted OR(95%CI)value was 0.64(0.44-0.91)and 0.85(0.76-0.95),respectively.About common sensitization food such as soybeans and its products,dairy products,nuts,the risk of allergic diseases and allergic reaction will not be increased when they are added during the first year of life,inversely adding soybean and its product,eggs within the first year of life will reduce the risk of allergic disease,compared to not having been added in 1 year,the adjusted OR(95% CI)value was 0.57(0.40-0.83)and 0.52(0.32-0.83),respectively.Conclusion: Less food diversity during the first year of life might increase the risk of asthma and other allergic diseases before 2 years old.Therefore,when the infant begins to add complementary food after 6 months of age,they should follow the principle of "from less to more,from thin to thick,from single to mixed".The first recommended complementary food is infant nutrition rice noodles,gradually adding vegetable puree,meat puree,egg yolk,etc.And each new food addition should be observed for three days,so when the food diversity in infancy is increased step by step,which may be conducive to reduce the risk of allergic diseases before 2years old,and promote scientific feeding of infants.This study has important medical and social value for the development of feeding guidelines suitable for infants in China.