Analysis Of The Characteristics And Risk Factors Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity In 376 Cases

Objective:To explore the characteristics and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）in hospital,so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods:From January 1,2016 to March 31,2019,the data of preterm infants who met the fundus screening criteria in neonatology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.The risk factors of ROP were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.Using IBM SPSS statistics 25.0 software for statistical analysis,P<0.05 was statistically significant.Results:Among 376 preterm infants,the number of males and females was226:150,the average gestational age was 32.78±2.10 weeks,and the average birth weight was 1723.47±365.86g.101 cases of retinopathy of preterm infants（ROP）were screened,the incidence was 26.8%,88 cases of stageⅠdisease（incidence 23.4%）,6 cases of stageⅡdisease（incidence 1.6%）,7 cases of stageⅢdisease（incidence 1.9%）.Among 101 cases of ROP,100 cases of the disease disappeared without special treatment.One patient developed to threshold lesion and received laser treatment.No visual impairment was found after operation.The possible risk factors for the single factor analysis.The significant risk factors were:gestational age,birth weight,hospitalization days,anemia,times of red blood cell transfusion,intrauterine distress,intraventricular hemorrhage,apnea,neonatal sepsis,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,mechanical ventilation,oxygen intake>28 days.According to the difference of birth weight,children with ROP were divided into four groups:birth weight<1000g,1000-<1500g,1500-<2000g,and≥2000g.The incidence of ROP was 75%,44%,20.4%respectively,17.7%,comparing the incidence of different groups,X²=37.838,P<0.001,the difference was statistically significant;according to the different gestational age,divided into four groups:gestational age<28 weeks,28 weeks-31⁺⁶weeks,32weeks-33⁺⁶weeks,and≥34 weeks,the incidence of ROP was 100%,42.4%,22.3%,14.7%,comparing the incidence of ROP between different groups,X²=45.8,P<0.001,the difference was statistically significant;according to oxygen The patients were divided into four groups.The incidence of ROP was 51.4%in the 28 days of oxygen inhalation,which was higher than other groups.Further logistic analysis showed that gestational age,birth weight and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were the independent factors of ROP.Conclusion:1.The incidence of ROP in this study was inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight.2.Low birth weight,small gestational age and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are independent risk factors for ROP in preterm infants.3.StageⅠand stage Ⅱ ROP most lesions can fade,needs to strengthen follow-up,stageⅢlesions may continue to progress,dynamic observation and timely treatment.