Retrospective Analysis Of Complications And Influencing Factors Of Low Birth Weight Infants

Objective:This study retrospectively analyzed the complications and influencing factors of low birth weight infants,and provided references for the prevention and intervention of low birth weight infants.Methods:The clinical information of healthy newborns and low birth weight infants from the Obstetrics Department and Neonatology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,from January2019 to December 2019.Newborns with birth weight<2500g were selected as the study group,newborns with birth weight between 2500-3999g were selected as the control group.Analyzed the influencing factors of low birth weight and complications in different subgroups according to weight,gestational age,.SPSS19.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:1.Basic information:There were 150 cases in the study group and 1862cases in the control group that met the inclusion criteria in this study,and the total number of newborns in the two groups was 2012.In the study group,51cases（34%,51/150）were smaller than gestational age.A total of 99 cases（66%,99/150）were suitable for gestational age.In the study group,there were 68cases of neonatal infectious pneumonia（40.0%）,44 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome（25.9%）,34 cases of neonatal anemia（20.0%）,10cases of neonatal sepsis（5.9%）,8 cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia（4.7%）,and 6 cases of neonatal shock（3.5%）.2.Weight factors:According to different birth weight groups,newborns with a body weight less than 1500g and those with a body weight of1500g-2499g had a higher risk of neonatal infectious pneumonia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal anemia,neonatal septicemia,bronchial and pulmonary dysplasia,and neonatal shock（P<0.05）.There was no difference in the risk of neonatal infectious pneumonia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal sepsis,bronchopneumonia dysplasia,and neonatal shock compared with 1000g-1499g（P>0.05）.Newborns weighing less than1000g had a higher risk of anemia（P<0.05）.3.Gestational age or gestational age weight factors:According to different gestational age groups,neonatal infectious pneumonia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal anemia,neonatal sepsis,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and neonatal shock were at higher risk（P<0.05）when compared with those born at≥37 weeks.The younger the gestational age,the higher the risk of neonatal infectious pneumonia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal anemia.There was no difference in risk of neonatal anemia,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,or neonatal shock compared with 32-36⁺⁶weeks（P>0.05）.According to the relationship between birth weight and gestational age group:appropriate gestational age group and small for gestational age group,there was no statistically significant difference between the complications groups（P>0.05）.Small for gestational age were grouped according to the percentile of body weight,and were divided into groups under P3 and P3-P10.There was no significant difference between the groups of complications（P>0.05）.4.Single factor analysis suggest preterm premature rupture of membranes,multiple pregnancy,anemia,pregnancy,gestational hypertension,pregnancy with infectious diseases in statistically significant difference between group and control group（P<0.05）,the Logistic regression model in the control pregnant weeks,mothers with gestational hypertension,gestational anemia,and relative to the multiple pregnancy mothers without gestational hypertension,gestational anemia and single pregnancy,the risk of low birth weight increased（P<0.05）.Conclusion:1.The risk of complications of low birth weight infants is related to birth weight and gestational age,The first three diseases associated with low birth weight or gestational age are neonatal infectious pneumonia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal anemia.2.Hypertension during pregnancy,anemia during pregnancy and multiple pregnancy are independent risk factors for low birth weight.Prevention of hypertension and anemia during pregnancy and avoidance of multiple pregnancy are important measures to reduce the risk of low birth weight.